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Biometrics: Technologies & Applications Are Not Equivalent – Sarrail ‎

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Greg Sarrail is vice president, Solutions Business Development at HID Biometrics. Sarrail also serves as Treasurer of Open Security Exchange; offering a fresh perspective, creative ideas and a strong desire to help drive innovation through the convergence of physical and IT security.
He also serves as Director of IT Channel at HID and offers IT-centric knowledge and experience gained from the IT industry.
He was previously employed by NEC, where he led sales and marketing for their Identity and Access Management business.
In this interview with peter ugwu, he spoke extensively on biometrics, and data security, and HID’s solutions to identified challenges in the sector.

HID Global and Its Place in IT security ‎
HID Global enables our customers to create, manage and use secure identities around the world.  Our products for the IT security industry range from strong authentication for logical access to transaction authentication via multiple methods including PKI, OTP and biometrics.  Our physical security products protect access to datacentres, protected areas and server racks.

National Identity Number (NIN) Registration: Fingerprints & DNA Analytics
Fingerprint characteristics are not secrets.  In fact we leave our fingerprints everywhere we go – on countertops, glasses at restaurants, even our phones.
One way to ensure that fingerprints are unusable by anyone but their legitimate owners is liveness detection — the real-time determination that the biometric characteristics presented are genuine and not fake.
The most effective liveness detection technology utilizes multispectral imaging which compares the complex optical characteristics of the material being presented against known characteristics of living skin. This ability of multispectral imaging to confirm that the finger is legitimate and alive allows organizations to use fingerprint authentication with confidence.
 Of course, the best practice of combining an additional authentication factor with the fingerprint further secures the transaction as well as the individual’s identity.

Biometrics & Breach of Fingerprints ‘Passworded’ Smartphone
In biometrics, technologies and applications are not equivalent. There is a very large difference between the fingerprint technology that is used in a smartphone and commercial-grade fingerprint sensors that are used for identity verification at a bank.
 Smartphone fingerprint sensors use very inexpensive components and do not provide advanced liveness detection capabilities to ensure that the data that is presented is a live fingerprint and not some fraudulent material. 
Additionally, fingerprint enrolment on a smartphone generally takes place anonymously in a private setting, which means there may be no connection between the stored fingerprint template and the user’s real identity. 
Commercial grade sensors use much more robust imaging.  HID Global’s Lumidigm sensors use multispectral imaging which provides detailed information about the fingerprint image that is captured from multiple layers of skin. 
This approach allows Lumidigm sensors to capture good fingerprint information regardless of the condition of the skin.  Many of us have experienced the fact that a wet fingerprint does not function on a cell phone.  The same is the case for dry, dirty or worn fingerprints.  Lumidigm sensors are able to “see” through these issues to provide good fingerprint data every time.

How HID Global Devices ‘Liveness’ Detection Operates
With considerable effort, a criminal can conceivably “lift”a legitimate user’s fingerprint off of some surface such as a countertop and make what we in the industry call a ‘spoof’ — a fake finger — from materials such as latex or glue.
While this is fun to watch in movies, new commercial-grade biometric solutions have a technology known as liveness detection that uses several variables to instantly determine that the finger used to access the system is real — and still attached to a living human being.
HID Global’s multispectral imaging is a sophisticated technology specifically developed to overcome the fingerprint-capture problems that conventional imaging systems have in less-than-ideal conditions.
This more effective technology is based on the use of multiple spectrums of light and advanced polarization techniques to extract unique fingerprint characteristics from both the surface and subsurface of the skin.
Subsurface capability is important because the fingerprint ridges seen on the surface of the finger have their foundation beneath the surface of the skin, in the capillary beds and other sub-dermal structures.
Unlike surface fingerprint characteristics, which can be obscured during imaging by moisture, dirt or wear, the “inner fingerprint” lies undisturbed and unaltered beneath the surface.
When surface fingerprint information is combined with subsurface fingerprint information and reassembled in an intelligent and integrated manner a high quality fingerprint image is provided.
The sophisticated sub-surface capabilities of multispectral imaging are what make its liveness detection so effective.
The optical characteristics of living skin are very different from those of severed fingers or other non-human materials such as latex.
HID’s liveness detection is able to determine immediately if the fingerprint being presented to a sensor is real and legitimate.

How Fingerprint Images Should Be Stored, Particularly By the Security Agencies
The development of a back-end matching database for the process of identification is a long process that must take into account requirements such as transaction volume, accuracy and data security.
The matching system, typically called AFIS (Automated Fingerprint Information System,) stores biographic information for individuals and binds the biometric data to the record.
The biometric data can be in the form of a fingerprint image, but it is commonly a binary numerical template file that can either adhere to a standard or sit as a proprietary solution.
HID Biometrics utilises the standard ANSI 378 and ANSI 381 as our image quality is extremely high, allowing the technology to match better on a standard format rather than having a reliance on a proprietary one.
While access to a central database must always be kept secure from a breach, the consistent use of liveness detection renders stolen biometric data useless to criminals.
HID Biometrics offers a multifactor fingerprint reader that includes both a contactless card reader and a multispectral fingerprint sensor. 
This new reader enables a use case whereby the biometric template can be stored on a card at enrolment and matched locally when a user presents his or her finger — no database query required!

The Best Approach to Recreating Them from Templates
Fingerprint images are nearly impossible to recreate from a template.  A standard template is a binary code that contains information relating to the unique points of a person’s fingerprint image.  HID Biometrics solutions do not recreate fingerprint images from templates.

Using Biometrics to Expedite Workflow, Authorise Electronic Prescriptions, and Curb Drug Diversion
Today, the most widespread use case for fingerprint biometrics in hospitals is to provide simple and secure access to electronic patient records and networks.  When coupled with a single sign-on system, a fingerprint biometric provides a fast authentication method and an undeniable record of access.
Further, fingerprint biometric solutions are used to ensure efficient management of medical supplies and proper distribution of medications.
Controlling access to medication is crucial for patient safety, compliance with regulations regarding controlled substances, and inventory control.
With biometric authentication, only authorized users may gain access to the needed drugs and medications with a touch of a finger. Security is enhanced without compromising user convenience or workflow and an undeniable record of access is created which can curb drug diversion and abuse.
Using fingerprint sensors to authenticate an ePrescription is also gaining popularity for the simple reason that doctors need a fast way to authenticate using a two-factor approach – and biometrics offers the best solution available today.  Access to and distribution of drugs can be properly tracked to avoid abuse and fraud.

Finance: ATM Integration, Security And Transaction-Based Authentication
A growing number of banks around the world are deploying biometric solutions as part of their next-generation ATM roll-outs.
As the world attempts to put an end to identity theft and to reduce waste, fraud and abuse, the banking sector is making a real commitment to biometric authentication and intelligent identity management.
Fingerprint biometrics is used at a number of ATMs across the world as a PIN replacement to improve access and authenticate transactions.
In some instances, traditional card plus PIN authentication has been replaced by a fingerprint and an account number, enabling true cardless transactions. 
Fraud is commonly committed by the use of stolen PINs or cards. With the use of fingerprint biometrics, people can now keep their money safe and access their bank accounts with their fingers.
Biometrics does not discriminate by literacy, age, or ethnicity which has made this technology a good choice for financial inclusion programs. 

Privacy and Data Interoperability 
As stated above, fingerprints are not private. Thus, it is critical to ensure that the information provided during verification is presented from the same person that enrolled the information – hence the need for robust liveness detection.
Interoperability can be important for a biometric system.  The use of a standard template that can be used across multiple systems allows for a single, ID-proofed biometric enrolment which can be leveraged at multiple points of verification. 

The Potential to Pair Separate Credentials with User for One-To-One Match
The most effective method of identity verification uses some additional information in addition to a fingerprint to provide a one-to-one match, rather than requiring a back-end system to search through every record to provide a result within a given range of confidence of a match. 
Something as simple as a name, an account number, a card number or a secondary credential stored on a card or phone can be paired with a fingerprint for a one-to-one match. 

HID Global Mobile Student ID System Launch with WAEC In Nigeria‎‎
HID Global launched a mobile student ID system, in collaboration with Botosoft, to help the West African Examinations Council (WAEC) combat student identity fraud in Nigeria.
Every year, beginning in the spring, more than 2.2 million students will register online and receive machine-readable Genuine HID smart cards.
The use of handheld mobile readers eliminates identity fraud, and allows examiners to verify student attendance, and also enables them to manage challenges around examination rules violations in real-time.
The mobile reader application saves hundreds of hours of manual data entry and eliminates errors.  The time saved allows the examiners to concentrate on the importance of the day as they can be confident that students are already authenticated for the exam in question.


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Defending the foundations for connectivity

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By Engr. Gbenga Adebayo

In 2001, when the first GSM call was made in Nigeria how many of us would have envisaged the digital world that we live in today? The pace of growth and the rate of adoption of telecoms solutions in Nigeria has been revolutionary. It is a globally acknowledged case study that we should be proud of and a clear demonstration of what can be achieved.

Almost all of us today are reliant on the network connectivity that it has enabled in different shapes and forms. From the simple need to communicate with loved ones, to the digital platforms that enable our access to and consumption of entertainment, financial products and other critical services. Our reliance on these systems is becoming more and more acute, whether it is citizens, governments, or corporations. System downtime is increasingly disruptive and offline manual redundancies are often in the advanced stages of being phased out. The pace of this transition is not slowing down. With the core infrastructure in place, innovation is driving the exponential growth of services that ride on it. From the fully adopted social media that has changed the way we interact, to the emerging Artificial Intelligence (AI) revolution.

While this innovation is enabling exciting new possibilities, there is a tendency to focus on those opportunities, to the detriment of the core infrastructure on which it rides. It is imperative that we retain a focus on the optimisation of that infrastructure and enable continued investment in its development. We have seen how the transition from 2G, through to 3G, 4G and 5G have each enabled the development of more and more sophisticated solutions.

The continued development of core infrastructure has to be sustainable, and over the last few months we have begun to see the challenges that the operators that provide it are facing. Both MTN and Airtel have declared significant foreign exchange (FX) losses in Nigeria, and the stress is not linked to them alone. The entire ecosystem is battling with a range of challenges that must be addressed. If we fail to do so, the downstream impact on innovation will be severe. Telecoms infrastructure requires a base level of investment to maintain its current capabilities, and significant additional investment to expand and grow. It is capital intensive and that capital has to be generated through sustainable business models.

At the heart of the challenge the industry faces is the issue of rising costs. Recent financial losses are directly linked to the cost of operating towers that rely on inputs like diesel, which have increased significantly as the Naira has depreciated. The provisions large telecom companies have had to make, and the consequent losses and impact on their reserves is a red flag. It tells us that business as usual is not sustainable. If we continue as we are, then those companies will struggle to continue to invest in and maintain existing services.

But those costs are not the only challenge. General cost inflation, multiple taxation, regular and damaging vandalisation of infrastructure and the costs associated with regulatory compliance all help contribute to the high cost of operations. We cannot continue to follow a path that asks those companies to simply accept those rising costs. It is no longer sustainable, and we have reached an inflection point.

This is a critical moment for the industry. How we approach and resolve it will define the future of Nigeria’s digital economy. If you want to be able to enjoy the benefits that digitisation brings. If we want the infrastructure that enables AI and helps us drive growth, then we must take action now.

Cost-reflective tariffs, like it or not, are simply non-negotiable. We have seen the impact of price controls in other segments of the economy, like power. If providers cannot operate sustainable business models, then they stop investing. When that happens, the existing infrastructure starts to crumble. For power, a consumer can choose to take ownership of the solution by buying a generator, or a solar panel. For fuel, the government can step in as the provider of last resort and manage a subsidy regime that mitigates the impact on the population. Those options are not available in the telecoms sector. There is no self-help solution.

We fully understand and appreciate the financial stress that Nigerians are experiencing today. The cost of living is the single most significant factor in most people’s daily lives. But those people are still able to enjoy the benefits that connectivity brings, at the price they paid before these challenges became so acute. Imagine a future in which the gains of the last twenty years are reversed. Nigeria, and Nigerians simply cannot afford it. The pain that we would feel under those circumstances would be exponentially worse.

We need to find a long-term, sustainable and manageable solution to this problem. Prices will need to rise, but action needs to be taken in a measured way, through sustainable conversations and partnership with the government. It is time to address this head on.

Engr. Gbenga Adebayo is the Chairman, Association of Licensed Telecoms Operators of Nigeria (ALTON)


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.NG Domain is Nigeria’s Pride Online – Akinsanya

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The .ng domain name, Nigeria’s country code top-level domain (ccTLD), is the nation’s critical resource in the digital space, says Adesola Akinsanya, the president of the Nigeria Internet Registration Association (NiRA).

Akintola Owolabi, Professor of Cost and Management Accounting at Lagos Business School (front – third from left; Adesola Akinsanya, the president of the Nigeria Internet Registration Association (NiRA) (Front – fourth from right), flanked by members of EBOD and Management Team of NiRA during a training programme at LBS.

The .ng domain extension is unique to Nigeria, and it can give businesses a strong local identity.

This can help establish trust with customers, which is especially important for businesses that rely on local customers.

Mr. Akinsanya made the comments at NiRA Executive Board of Directors (EBOD) and Management Training held at the Lagos Business School (LBS).

The NiRA Executive Board and Management Training at LBS spanned a series of intensive interactive sessions designed to address critical challenges and opportunities in the digital domain.

The training program emphasized the importance of strategic vision, ethical decision-making, and resilience in the face of digital disruptions.

Participants gained insights into global best practices in digital governance, risk management, and leveraging digital technologies for business growth and societal impact.

Mr. Akinsanya, highlighted the significance of the collaboration with LBS, stating, “The NiRA EBOD/Management Training at LBS underscores our commitment to fostering a robust digital ecosystem in Nigeria. It equips leaders with the expertise to address complex digital challenges especially in accounting and financial management while harnessing the immense opportunities of the digital age.”

The program featured distinguished speakers, industry practitioners, and faculty members from LBS, providing a holistic learning experience enriched with real-world case studies and practical insights.

Participants commended the program for its relevance, depth of content, and interactive learning approach, noting its immediate applicability to their roles and responsibilities.

The NiRA EBOD Training at LBS represents a milestone in advancing digital leadership and governance in Nigeria.

“By equipping leaders with cutting-edge knowledge and strategic insights, the program contributes to building a resilient and innovative digital ecosystem that drives sustainable growth and societal development, especially from NiRA perspective. We must fashion out ways of increasing .NG domain name adoption which is our national pride in the digital space”.

Speaking further on why Nigerians and businesses should adopt the .NG domain name, the NiRA president said, “.NG domain name gives your brand special recognition both on and offline.

“Using a .ng domain name can help your business stand out in the Nigerian and global market. It is a great way to differentiate your brand from competitors and establish a unique identity. A .ng domain name is easier to remember, which can make it more likely that customers will return to your website in the future”, he said.

“It instantly communicates to internet users that your business is located in Nigeria. This can be especially helpful if you operate in a niche or industry where location is important to customers”, the NiRA boss added.

He added that Google and other search engines prioritize local content in search results, hence using a .ng domain name can help improve your website’s search engine ranking for local searches.


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Climate Action Africa Opens Applications for CAAF24 Deal Room

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Climate Action Africa (CAA), a leading advocate for climate resilience and sustainable development, has announced the opening of applications for the Deal Room at the 2024 Climate Action Africa Forum (CAAF24). The Deal Room is a groundbreaking platform that aims to connect high-impact climate innovators in Africa with potential investors seeking to accelerate sustainable solutions.

The CAAF Deal Room is a strategic initiative that aims to create opportunities for innovators in the climate-tech domain focusing on emission reduction, energy, agriculture, transportation, circular economy, and building and construction.

The goal of the Deal Room is to select finalists who will have the opportunity to pitch their innovative ideas and solutions at the upcoming 2024 Climate Action Africa Forum, which will be held on June 19th in Lagos, Nigeria.

The Deal Room aims to boost investments in Africa’s green economy by galvanising a community of innovators, entrepreneurs, and investors to create applicable solutions that can mitigate the challenges of climate change on the African continent.

The Deal Room session will facilitate financing for solutions contributing to the growth and sustainability of Africa’s green economy. These deals may encompass prize money, equity plans, debt financing, mergers and acquisitions, and other investment options.

“Through the CAAF24 Deal Room, we aim to bridge the critical gap between promising climate ventures and the essential resources they need to thrive,” says Grace Oluchi Mbah, Co-founder and Executive Director of Climate Action Africa (CAA). “By facilitating connections between passionate entrepreneurs and dedicated investors, we can collectively unlock the immense potential of climate solutions in Africa.”

The eligibility criteria for applying include:

●     The company must be African-owned and operate in any of the 54 African countries.

●     It must be a for-profit company, between 1-5 years post-incorporation, post-MVP (minimum viable product), and post-GTM (go-to-market).

●     The company should leverage digital technology to deliver its business model.

●     Female ownership is an added advantage.

 Those eligible to apply include venture capitalists, impact investors, climate tech startups, Green SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises), philanthropic organisations, and government representatives.

Following the CAAF24 deal-room will be a post-event accelerator in partnership with the Silicon Valley-based Founder Institute and IDEA Africa. This Africa-wide initiative is specifically designed to further accelerate and enhance support for promising Climate Tech startups and founders who participated in the Deal Room.

The official unveiling of this accelerator will take place at the Climate Action Africa Forum 2024 (CAAF24), marking a significant step forward in driving Climate Tech innovations throughout Africa.

Applications for the CAAF24 Deal Room are open from April 22nd until May 17th. Interested applicants can register at https://deal.caaf.africa/register.


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