E-Business
20 Years of DDoS Attacks – Looking Back, Looking Forward

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks are more popular and dangerous today than at any time in history.
In 20 years, DDoS attacks have gone from being a novelty to a nuisance, and finally today they represent a serious threat against the availability and functionality of websites, online services and applications.
This is according to Bryan Hamman, Arbor Network’s territory manager for Sub-Saharan Africa, who says, “Easy-to-use tools and cheap attack services have widened the potential net that DDoS attacks can cast. Today, anyone with a grievance and an Internet connection can launch an attack. If we take a look back about 20 years or so, historic news headlines and the increasing size of attacks through the years indicate that this problem isn’t going to go away.”
Looking back at some of the attacks down the years
· 1996: Internet service provider (ISP) PANIX is struck by a sustained DDoS attack, affecting businesses that use Panix as their ISP.
· 1996: CERT/ CC – the Computer Emergency Response Team/ Coordination Center, a government-funded research and development centre based at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh – releases an advisory on the growing phenomenon of TCP SYN floods using spoofed source IP addresses.
· 1997: The world sees the arrival of early DDoS tools, such as Trinoo, Tribe Flood Network, TFN2K, Shaft, and others, often coded by their authors. Primitive DDoS networks emerge, using IRC and Eggdrop or the Sub7 Trojan.
· 1998: The document RFC 2267 is published, which details how network administrators can defeat DDoS attacks via anti-spoofing measures. This document eventually becomes a best current practice adopted by many networking vendors.
· 1998: The Smurf Amplifier Registry is launched to help discover and disable “Smurf” amplifiers, which are abused in DDoS attacks. Smurf Attacks use a spoofed broadcast ICMP ping to then reflect back to a victim to create the attack traffic. By 2012 over 193,000 networks have been found and fixed.
· 1998: Michael Calce, aka 15-year-old ‘Mafiaboy’, launches sustained DDoS attacks on multiple major eCommerce sites including Amazon, CNN, Dell, E*Trade, eBay, and Yahoo!. At the time, Yahoo! was the biggest search engine in the world. He is investigated by the FBI. The Montreal Youth Court sentenced him on September 12, 2001, to eight months of “open custody”, one year of probation, restricted use of the Internet, and a small fine.
· 2002: Significant “Smurf” attacks strike the root DNS servers and cause some outages for some sites. The attacks are eventually repelled. Total traffic eventually hits 900 Mbps.
· 2007: The former Soviet republic of Estonia is hit with sustained DDoS attacks following diplomatic tensions with Russia. The issues arise after Estonia moves a statue honouring Soviet forces who served in World War II against Nazi Germany.
· 2008: Russia is accused of attacking Georgian government websites in a cyber war to accompany its military bombardment, weeks before the invasion of the disputed territory of South Ossetia by Russian troops.
· 2008: Project Chanology is launched by members of “Anonymous”, a leaderless Internet-based group, in response to the Church of Scientology trying to remove an infamous Tom Cruise interview video from the Internet. Project Chanology used DDoS as part of its measures to try to disrupt the Church of Scientology’s operations.
· 2011: Members of Anonymous launch attacks against the sites of PayPal, Visa, and MasterCard in 2011 after the payment service providers refused to process financial donations intended for WikiLeaks.
· 2011: A DDoS attack on Sony is proportedly used to block the detection of a data breach that leads to the extraction of millions of customer records for PlayStation Network users.
· 2011 to 2012: Between December 2011 and March 2012, against a background of political tension in Russia including presidential elections, which were fraught with political demonstrations, DDoS attacks enter the political landscape, with DDoS attacks on both opposition as well as pro-government sites. The world sees Russian cybercriminal methods being used for political ends.
· 2012: Similarly, although arguably not so widely, DDoS attacks are used for political reasons when Canada’s New Democrat Party sees its leadership election negatively affected by a DDoS attack that delays voting and reduced turnout.
· 2012: Unknown groups hit various US and UK government-related websites in protest at these governments’ Wikileaks position.
· 2013: FBI says more cooperation with banks is key in probing cyberattacks.
· 2013: Largest attack reaches 300Gbps – Dutch anti-spam website Spamhaus is targeted for naming and blacklisting cybercrime hosting enterprises, spam and botnet operations.
· 2014: PlayStation Network and Xbox Live are attacked on Christmas Day.
· 2014: In Hong Kong, a huge attack is carried out against the territory’s pro-democracy websites. While many assumed that the culprit would have been the Chinese government, this is not necessarily certain. The attacker could, however, be someone who is not sympathetic with the Hong Kong democracy movement, or someone trying to make the Chinese government look bad.
· 2015: The Turkish Internet is hit with a massive DDoS attack, which came in the wake of Turkey shooting down a Russian military aircraft.
· 2015: British phone and broadband provider, TalkTalk, which has over four million UK customers, is hit by a DDoS attack, which is used as a smokescreen while customers’ personal information is stolen.
· 2015: On New Year’s Eve of 2015, the BBC’s entire domain, including its on-demand television and radio player, is down for three hours and continues to have issues for the rest of the day. The attack is claimed by a group called the “New World Hackers”.
· 2016: An IoT botnet targets a major international event with sophisticated, large-scale DDoS attacks sustaining 500 gb/sec in attack traffic for the duration of the event.
· 2016: The Mirai IoT botnet launches 1Tbps multi vector DDoS attack against DNS infrastructure, taking many of the world’s most popular websites offline.
Looking forward – where to from here?
Hamman says, “We can see clearly, when we look at the timeline of some of the most prominent DDoS attacks over the past two decades, that perpetrators launch these attacks for a variety of reasons. They can be hackers who want to make a statement, as in the case of Mafiaboy; governments of countries at war using cyberwarfare tactics as part of their general arsenal; and criminals trying to blackmail online businesses.
“There are also examples when cyber activists show displeasure against their targets, such as the 2011 attacks by members of Anonymous against the sites of PayPal, Visa and MasterCard, and the 2013 attacks against Spamhaus. The online gaming industry has also been targeted, with the blame generally going to disgruntled players or even competitors. We’ve also seen instances when DDoS attacks are used as a smokescreen to camouflage or draw attention away from other criminal activity an attacker might be doing, such as stealing data from the victim’s network, as in the 2015 example of the UK telecom TalkTalk last year.
Hamman says the IoT brings new demands and requirements to DDoS protection. He adds, “The Mirai IoT botnet reminds us that manufacturers and vendors also have a growing responsibility with respect to their technology and how it will be applied in diverse environments. They need to test for and consider the potential for exploitation. Ideally, all devices should be assessed for risk at the manufacturer and then again by those who are responsible for selling/ implementing them in enterprises.”
Hamman concludes, “Previously, it used to be that only certain types of business would be likely targets for a DDoS attack, with finance, gaming and e-commerce at the top of the list. Today, any business, for any reason, can become a target of a DDoS attack. A number of DDoS-for-hire services, for example, will take down a competitor’s website for any business that wants to hire them.
“The only answer, therefore, is to ensure you are protected. Arbor provides the industry’s most comprehensive suite of DDoS attack protection products and services for the enterprise, cloud/ hosting and service provider markets, with the required deployment model, scalability and pricing flexibility to meet the DDoS protection needs of any organisation operating online today.”
E-Business
FG Approves Electric Buses for Civil Servants, Pushes Local Auto Growth

Federal Government of Nigeria has approved the acquisition of electric buses for civil servants as part of efforts to promote cleaner transportation and boost local vehicle manufacturing.

The development was disclosed in Abuja by Joseph Osanipin, Director-General of the National Automotive Design and Development Council (NADDC). Osanipin said the buses would be sourced from local assemblers to strengthen domestic production and stimulate growth in Nigeria’s automotive sector.
He stated: “The initiative is aimed at encouraging the transition to cleaner mobility while creating opportunities for local manufacturers.” According to him, the government has also procured charging infrastructure that will be deployed across parts of the country to support the adoption of electric vehicles.
As part of broader efforts to develop the sector, the council is establishing the Nnewi Automotive Development Park in Anambra State. Osanipin explained: “We are developing the Nnewi Automotive Development Park where we will provide the necessary infrastructure so that users of the park can share facilities.”
He added that the shared infrastructure model would enable investors and manufacturers to operate without bearing the full cost of setting up independent facilities. The council is also seeking additional investment to accelerate the development of the park and attract more industry participants.
Osanipin urged Nigerians to support locally assembled vehicles, noting that increased patronage would help create jobs and drive economic growth. He said the council is providing training to manufacturers and stakeholders to enhance local production of vehicle components such as batteries and tyres.
“The move will reduce import dependence, create employment opportunities, and contribute to the country’s Gross Domestic Product,” he said. The NADDC is also working with the Bank of Industry Nigeria to facilitate the disbursement of the National Automotive Development Fund to qualified stakeholders.
E-Business
Jumia Reaffirms Commitment to Consumer Trust on World Consumer Rights Day

As the global community commemorates World Consumer Rights Day, Jumia Nigeria joined industry leaders, regulators, and consumer advocates at the Lagos Marriott Hotel, Ikeja, for a high-level panel session hosted by the Lagos State Consumer Protection Agency (LASCOPA) on Tuesday, March 17, 2026.

Speaking during the session, Peters Afebuame, Group Head of Content and Production at Jumia, highlighted Jumia’s comprehensive approach to protecting consumers from counterfeit or adulterated products on its marketplace, noting that the company has implemented structured checks and technology-driven systems across the entire product lifecycle, from seller onboarding to post-listing monitoring, to safeguard product authenticity.
“Ensuring product authenticity on our platform requires a combination of technology, policy enforcement, and continuous seller engagement,” he stated.
“At Jumia Nigeria, we have implemented a multi-layered process that begins with rigorous seller onboarding and policy agreements, followed by catalogue configuration controls, AI-driven product attribute verification, and the use of global product identification standards. These systems are reinforced by ongoing quality moderation, brand protection mechanisms, and strict enforcement actions, including product and seller delisting, ensuring that customers can shop on our platform with confidence.”
Central to Jumia’s consumer protection framework is a rigorous seller verification process designed to ensure marketplace integrity. Vendors are required to provide proof of legal and regulatory compliance before gaining access to the platform. This vetting process is reinforced by a strict quality control system that monitors products listed on the platform, backed by a zero-tolerance policy toward counterfeit or substandard goods. Non-compliant sellers face penalties and permanent delisting from the marketplace.
Transparency also remains a core priority in helping customers make informed purchasing decisions. Product listings across the platform feature clear specifications, verified descriptions, and detailed images, enabling shoppers to understand exactly what they are purchasing before completing a transaction.
Recognising that digital literacy plays a critical role in online safety, Jumia continues to invest in consumer education initiatives through instructional “how-to” videos, platform guides, and social media campaigns that equip Nigerian shoppers with practical knowledge to navigate online shopping securely and confidently.
To further strengthen transaction security, Jumia leverages its proprietary payment solution, JumiaPay, which provides a secure and encrypted payment infrastructure designed to protect customer financial data. The company also adheres to internationally recognised data protection standards such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and local regulatory frameworks established by the Nigeria Data Protection Commission (NDPC), ensuring responsible handling and protection of user information.
Beyond the point of purchase, Jumia reinforces consumer protection through a customer-centric return and refund policy designed to ensure seamless resolution when issues arise. A dedicated customer service team also provides support through multiple channels, including phone and social media, enabling swift response to consumer inquiries and complaints.
As e-commerce continues to expand across Nigeria, Jumia reaffirmed its commitment to building a marketplace that prioritises fairness, transparency, and consumer safety. Through continuous investment in technology, strong policy enforcement, and ongoing consumer engagement, the company aims to strengthen trust and confidence in Nigeria’s growing digital commerce ecosystem.
E-Business
FG Determined to Protect Rights, Privacy Online- NITDA

Federal government is determined to protect Nigerians’ rights and privacy in the digital space, according to Dr Ayodele Bakare, assistant director, Cybersecurity Department, National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA),

To achieve that, Bakare, said that the government has developed several policy and regulatory frameworks to strengthen cybersecurity.
Bakare, stated all these during an interview with the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) in Abuja on Monday.
He said that cybersecurity governance in Nigeria was implemented through a collaborative approach involving multiple government institutions with different responsibilities.
According to him, the Office of the National Security Adviser (ONSA) provides overall coordination of national cybersecurity efforts through the National Cybersecurity Coordination Centre, which serves as its operational arm.
“At the national level, cybersecurity implementation is done collectively, and different government organisations are responsible for implementing different aspects of the national cybersecurity framework.
“At the top, however, the Office of the National Security Adviser coordinates these efforts through the National Cybersecurity Coordination Centre,” he said.
Bakare said that one of the key policy instruments guiding the country’s cybersecurity efforts was the National Cybersecurity Policy and Strategy Framework.
He also highlighted the legal framework provided by the Cybercrimes Prohibition and Prevention Act 2015, which was recently amended in 2024 to strengthen Nigeria’s response to cyber threats and digital crimes.
According to him, NITDA has also introduced sector-specific regulations to enhance cybersecurity in the country.
“One such regulation is the National Public Key Infrastructure Regulation, which is one of the core infrastructures required to ensure trust and security in digital communications and transactions,” he said.
Bakare said that NITDA played a pioneering role in Nigeria’s data protection landscape through the Nigeria Data Protection Regulation 2019, which laid the foundation for the current data protection framework.
He said the regulation had since evolved into a full legal framework implemented by the Nigeria Data Protection Commission.
Bakare disclosed that the agency was also finalising an Information Security Regulation that would soon be made available to the public.
He further explained that the regulation would provide organisations and individuals with clear guidelines on their responsibilities in safeguarding information and digital assets.
“Nigeria has continued to strengthen its legal and policy environment for cybersecurity, a development reflected in the country’s performance in the Global Cybersecurity Index.
“One of the pillars of the index focuses on legal measures and assesses the availability of national cybersecurity laws and regulations.
“Nigeria recorded a strong performance under the legal measures pillar, reflecting the country’s efforts to establish the necessary frameworks to support cybersecurity governance,” he told NAN.
He said that sustained collaboration among government agencies and stakeholders remained essential to effectively implement the existing policies and strengthen Nigeria’s digital security architecture.
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