E-Financial
Blockchain to Reinvent African Economies, Ecosystems, Organizations
By Dipo Faulkner
In today’s fast emerging economic zones, technology adoption can be a journey of faith into the unknown, riddled with the conflicting priorities of modern societies, bouts of human and institutional inertia and not to forget, legal and regulatory considerations.
Having grown up in Nigeria, I have first-hand experience on how complex or excruciatingly difficult real estate transactions can be.
I stand to be corrected but the multibillion-dollar property and real estate sector, a key sector of the Nigerian economy, is largely driven by paper-based systems and processes, and the industry could do better with the aid of information technology. Advanced technology solutions will help tidy things up, and make transparency, trust and peace of mind a permanent feature of dealings in the sector.
Every document or financial transaction that needs to be exchanged, settled, confirmed, validated or signed has a similar element of friction. It is obvious that when these sorts of bottlenecks are eliminated, significant economic value is unlocked.
In any property deal, the number of participants that are required to be involved from realtors, banks, insurance companies, brokers, land registries, government tax authorities, and other intermediaries is incredible, not to mention the ever-present danger that the seller of the property may not be the actual owner of the property being sold.
In any case, I suspect this is not a problem unique to Nigeria. The respected Peruvian economist Hernando De Soto believes that up to five billion people worldwide suffer from lack of title to their property. He reckons that this global scenario results in more than $20 trillion of capital that is outside of the traditional financial services ecosystem.
Banks have a key role to play in this dynamic. Their functional and statutory obligations mean they must galvanize social harmony, business investment and economic value for their diverse stakeholders.
I am aware that Nigerian banks and financial institutions across Africa have consistently sought for ways to resolve key sector issues like this one. But before supporting economic activities, these banks must ensure that their product and service delivery value chains are driven by a creative workforce and technology innovation.
Also, I know from my interactions with chief technology officers in the financial services sector that their ongoing investments in technology systems has helped the sector to build operational resilience into their systems even they begin contemplating adopting new concepts and practices like blockchain.
Designed to inject the trust element in technology-enabled transactions, blockchains are built on shared ledgers where participants write transactions in near real-time to an unbreakable chain that becomes a permanent record of an asset or transaction. This is viewable by all parties in the transaction. Blockchain thus allows businesses to work together in a new way resulting in lower cost, faster transactions and less risk.
In this way, blockchain can be used by individuals who want to complete transactions involving multiple parties.
Large organizations may also want to use blockchain to collaborate across organizational silos. Ecosystems could tap blockchain to handle complex transactions across different jurisdictions, or governments may want to use it in the service of citizens.
This will have a profound impact, bringing wholesale change to organizations, ecosystems and economies. My personal view, also echoed by other experts, is that blockchain technology will do for transactions what the internet did for information — and in the relatively near future.
My thoughts on this subject seem to have been authenticated by two recent studies released by IBM’s Institute for Business Value (IBV) which found that banking and financial markets are adopting commercial blockchain solutions much faster than initially expected.
15% of banks and 14% of financial market institutions globally interviewed by IBM plan to adopt full-scale, commercial blockchain solutions in 2017. And within the next three years, 65% of banks expect to have blockchain solutions in production.
Consider how assets from cars to contracts, art to corporate bonds — even identity-based assets, such as health, product provenance, or tax records — can be shared, exchanged or transferred on a blockchain platform with greater efficiency and privacy.
As transaction costs plummet and the way organizations are governed matters more and more, blockchains will create a new distributed form of business governed and managed transparently through smart contracts that include agreed upon by-laws.
In the emerging blockchain economy, the role of third-party intermediaries to broker trust and/or to reconcile will increasingly be called into question as we reinvent new processes that eliminate the need for such reconciliation and intermediation.
While blockchains can powerfully improve businesses’ efficiency, trust and value, executives must carefully evaluate where blockchains can be used to gain improved efficiency and support new business models. I would therefore recommend that businesses answer these three questions:
- How fast should we move? Early movers in the blockchain adoption race may have an advantage as they are setting business standards and creating new models that will be used by future adopters of blockchain.
We’re also finding that these early adopters are better able to anticipate disruption, fighting off new competitors along the way.
- How can we scale across business networks? Once blockchain technology has scaled across multiple participants, they can anticipate achieving the kind of network effects that can drastically reduce the frictions that curb growth.
- How can we innovate with new revenue models? As new entrants and business models emerge, banks may be forced to defend current revenue streams or move to where the money will flow next.
New revenue models must anticipate the potential for disruption in areas core to the business today and in the future.
As the market evolves, blockchain technology may add at least one new revenue stream; and so, the potential to monetize reference data looms large.
My take is that African businesses, especially banks and non-bank financial institutions, will be the first set of enterprises to get on board the blockchain train, and fervently exploring the potential uses of blockchain technology.
Beyond banking and real estate, other economic sectors including manufacturing, retail and government agencies will pick and choose lessons from these trailblazers, recalibrating their needs and expectations as they gradually adopt blockchain technology.
In other climes, the Japan Stock Exchange and London Stock Exchange Group are two of the leading bourses collaborating with IBM to explore blockchain to manage risk and bring additional transparency to global financial markets.
Dipo Faulkner is the country general manager, IBM Nigeria.
Flutterwave, Africa’s leading payments technology company, has been named in the TIME100 Most Influential Companies List of 2025, marking its second appearance on the prestigious global ranking.
Previously honoured in 2021, Flutterwave joins industry giants such as Amazon, Netflix, and OpenAI in the TITANS category of the fifth-annual list, which recognizes companies driving significant global impact.
The selection process, led by TIME editors, evaluated nominees based on innovation, ambition, impact, and success, highlighting Flutterwave’s transformative role in the fintech sector.
Founded in 2016, Flutterwave has grown into a powerhouse facilitating seamless payments across Africa and beyond, empowering businesses and individuals in the digital economy.
Its solutions span critical sectors such as cross-border remittances, e-commerce, travel, payroll, and hospitality.
The company’s 2021 TIME100 recognition followed its impactful campaign to help businesses pivot online during the COVID-19 pandemic.
This year’s inclusion underscores Flutterwave’s sustained influence, with its technology now reaching over 34 African countries and expanding into new markets such as Bahrain, Turkey, and Saudi Arabia, supporting a leading global ride-hailing company’s operations.
Flutterwave’s flagship remittance product, SendApp by Flutterwave, has gained significant traction in the US, UK, and EU, offering faster and more affordable money transfers for the African diaspora.
In 2024, the company secured 20 additional licenses in the US, bringing its total to 34 and achieving near-complete coverage through strategic partnerships.
Flutterwave’s focus on profitability and market expansion, coupled with a strengthened executive team, has fuelled its growth, with nearly half of its customers receiving payments in new markets last year.
Olugbenga Agboola, founder and CEO, Flutterwave, expressed pride in the recognition, stating, “Being recognized by TIME once again is a true honour. It’s a testament to our team’s incredible work. We’re shaping Africa’s financial future and connecting the continent to the world.”
The accolade follows other recent honours, including topping Fast Company’s 2024 Most Innovative Companies list for Europe, the Middle East, and Africa, and earning a second consecutive ranking in the FXC Top 100 Cross-Border Payment Companies.
The TIME100 listing solidifies Flutterwave’s position as a global fintech leader, bridging Africa to the world through innovative payment solutions.
As the company continues to expand its reach and refine its growth strategy, its influence in transforming the financial landscape remains undeniable, setting a benchmark for innovation and connectivity in the digital economy.
Taiwo Oyedele, chairman of the Presidential Committee on Fiscal Policy and Tax Reforms, has said that under the new tax laws, Nigerian households earning ₦250,000 or less per month are classified as poor and exempt from paying taxes.
The former tax leader at PriceWaterhouseCoopers (PwC) stated this on Channels Television’s Politics Today on Thursday, a few hours after President Bola Tinubu assented to four new tax bills.
Oyedele, whom the President appointed in July 2023, described his two-year stint as chair of the tax reform committee as both eventful and challenging.
He said that the objectives of the new laws, which would take effect from January 2026, were not intended to increase taxes but to stimulate economic activity in the country and track tax evaders.
President Bola Tinubu sits as he signs four new tax bills into law at the Presidential Villa in Abuja on Thursday, June 26, 2025 in the presence of top government officials. C
Oyedele stated that the new laws would also protect businesses and ensure that the government doesn’t tax poverty, adding that the new laws are efficiency-driven, growth-focused, and people-centric.
“This tax law will not give you cash in your pocket, but at least it won’t take your cash away if you are poor.”
He said nobody earning below ₦250,000 would have to pay taxes because they don’t even have enough.
“We have eliminated the tax component for people at the bottom, we have reduced for people at the middle, and we have increased slightly for people at the top.
“That middle, we estimated it at about ₦1.8 to ₦2m a month. If you are earning that amount and below, your tax will not be zero but it will reduce from what you are paying today,” he stated, noting that those who earn this amount are about 5% of the total Nigerian population.
The tax boss said to arrive at a decision, his committee debated the poverty line of an average Nigerian.
Oyedele said, “We debated this question; we said: ‘Who is a poor person in Nigeria?
“First, we started with data like the World Bank and the UN will tell you two dollars, fifteen cents a day per person means you are at the poverty line but there are people who do not earn two dollars a day but they are not poor because they produce the food that they eat and they do not pay for transportation. I lived and grew up in the village.
“So, we had to factor that in. We drew our own (poverty) line for Nigeria on the basis of an average of five people per family: two people working if they are lucky, taking care of the five.
“When we did the maths, it gave us an amount, and that was what we used in determining the income below which nobody should pay taxes.
“We came up with a ₦120,000 or ₦130,000 per two people working in a household of five. If the earnings are about ₦250,000, they can take care of themselves. Of course, they are not going to have luxury, but at least they can take care of themselves. They are poor, and they shouldn’t pay taxes.”
“When we did the maths, it gave us an amount, and that was what we used in determining the income below which nobody should pay taxes.
“We came up with a ₦120,000 or ₦130,000 per two people working in a household of five. If the earnings are about ₦250,000, they can take care of themselves. Of course, they are not going to have luxury, but at least they can take care of themselves. They are poor, and they shouldn’t pay taxes.”
Oyedele stated that Nigeria currently collects only about 30% of what the country should be receiving in taxes, noting that the objective of the new tax laws is to close the 70% gap.
The Cable NG reports that the market capitalisation of Fidelity Bank has crossed the N1 trillion mark as the share value of the company appreciated by 1.27 percent at the close of trading.
According data from the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX), the bank’s market capitalisation hit N1 trillion after its share price rose from N19.75 on Tuesday to N20 on Wednesday.
The increase moved the company’s valuation from N991.6 billion to N1 trillion.
With the development, Fidelity Bank joins the list of financial institutions with a market capitalisation of over N1 trillion.
The companies are Zenith Bank, Access Bank, United Bank of Africa (UBA), Guaranty Trust Bank (GTB), and First Bank.
On May 21, Nneka Onyeali-Ikpe, the managing director (MD) and chief executive officer (CEO) of Fidelity Bank, acquired an additional 18 million shares in the bank.
Two days later, Onyeali-Ikpe bought additional 2 million units of shares in the bank.
According to a regulatory filing on the NGX, the shares were acquired on May 22, at N18.6 each — amounting to a total value of N37.2 million.
The acquisitions increased her shareholding in the bank to 114.64 million shares — from 94.64 million held as at December 31, 2024.
In its latest financial performance report, Fidelity Bank said it reported a 167.8 percent year-on-year increase in profit before tax (PBT), which increased to N105.8 billion in the first quarter (Q1) of 2025.
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