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Broadband Satellites: Defining Efficiency and Flexibility to Drive 5G (Part 11)

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By Andrew Aroh

USING KA-BAND BROADBAND SATELLITE FOR HIGH EFFICIENCIES AND FLEXIBILITY REQUIRED FOR 5G

  • To obtain on-orbit flexibility as required for 5G there are certain stringent constraints that are required for commercial communications satellite payloads:
    • Size
    • Mass
    • Cost
    • Power consumption
    • Reliability
    • Technical risk
    • In digital realization of the payload, we are looking at high-speed/low power characteristics while having radiation hardness.
  • Microwave capabilities for SATCOM upper Microwave assemblies are advancing as designers have developed a number of integrated converters for frequencies up to 100GHz and more.
  • Thus, the topology of a LEO-based Network has become very dynamic and uses fast-packet switching suitable for 5G
  • For the Ka-band as well as the V-band systems, there are four main features required for high efficiency operations:
    • Higher beam power
    • Higher bandwidths
    • Conduction cooling
    • An enabling technology including AIS and ACM
  • AIS (Automatic in route Selection) and ACM (Adaptive Code Modulation) enables a dynamic process through which the hub assess how much power the remote site needs to receive and send information in unfavourable weather conditions, enabling the highest efficiency of operations possible, all the time.

SPECIAL FEATURES OF ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS SATELLITE PAYLOADS:

  • Flexible multiple spot-beam combinations made possible by the large digital processor which provides.
    • Switching and beam forming network with reconfigurable coverage
    • Power flexibility between beams; a key technology for advanced Global Mobile Personal Communications (GMPCS); Broadcast and Military Mission.
  • Multibeam active Antennas and onboard processing and switching make an ideal combination to provide the required full crossbeam connectivity and flexible traffic routing to drive 5G broadband LEO Satellites.

SUMMARY:

SATELLITE SWITCHING

Modern satellite systems frequently require multibeam operation to meet the link budget requirements. in these systems there is of course no guarantee that traffic originating in one uplink beam will be destined for the same downlink beam. The satellite transponder must provide interconnections between beams.

These connections must be selectable to allow for varying traffic patterns. In a TDMA system the time of arrival of an uplink signal at the satellite transponder determines its eventual destination; if the routing is defined on the satellite (i.e. satellite switched TDMA) the transponder must also perform a time-dependant beam switching.

ON-BOARD PROCESSING

The most advanced transponder types currently being designed may require additional forms of processing, for example, the so-called ‘switch-board in the sky’ systems move the central switching node of a communication system from the ground into space. In such a transponder, signals are demodulated prior to switching in complex time and space matrices.

When on-board processing is employed, it is possible to separately optimized up-and downlinks, by demodulating and then re-modulating in the transponder. Military transponders may require special forms of on-board processing to reject deliberate jamming by hostile forces.

Andrew Aroh is President SSPI Nigeria


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Airtel Once Again Wins Partnership of the Year Award at SERAS 2024

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Airtel Nigeria has once again been recognized for its commitment to sustainable development, carting away the Partnership of the Year award at the 18th edition of the Sustainability, Enterprise, and Responsibility Awards (SERAS) held at the Oriental Hotel, Victoria Island, Lagos, on Saturday, 14th December, 2024.

The award celebrates Airtel’s continued success with its Re-imagine Education Initiative, a ground-breaking collaboration with the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) aimed at transforming education in Nigeria through technology.

Airtel’s consistent focus on creating social value through strategic partnerships reflects its position as a key enabler of progress in the Nigerian education sector.

Commenting on the award, Femi Adeniran, Director, Corporate Communications and CSR, highlighted the significance of the winning the Partnership of the Year award for the second time with the Airtel collaboration with UNICEF to provide digital access to quality educational resources for more than 1,200 schools in Nigeria.

“Winning this award for the second consecutive year is a reflection of our enduring belief in the transformative power of technology in education. We are deeply committed to making a meaningful difference in the lives of Nigerians, and this recognition fuels our resolve to do even more,” he said.

The SERAS Awards, widely regarded as Africa’s most prestigious platform for celebrating sustainability and corporate social responsibility, brought together leaders from various industries to honour organizations driving impactful change.

Airtel Nigeria remains steadfast in its mission to foster inclusive growth, empower communities, and champion a sustainable future for its stakeholders and the environment.


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MTN is Largest Contributor to VAT Pool, Pays N200Bn Monthly—PFPTRC

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Taiwo Oyedele, chairman, Presidential Fiscal Policy and Tax Reforms Committee (PFPTRC) has disclosed that MTN Nigeria contributes over N200 billion in Value Added Tax (VAT) monthly, making it the largest contributor to the nation’s VAT pool.

MTN is Largest Contributor to VAT Pool, Pays N200Bn Monthly—PFPTRC

Oyedele made the disclosure recently while speaking as a panellist during Channels Television’s Town Hall on Tax Reforms.

He used the platform to highlight disparities in the current VAT distribution system and explained the reforms aimed at addressing them.

According to the tax expert, the current system allocates all VAT paid by the country’s biggest telco to Lagos State, where the company’s headquarters is located, even though the services that generate this revenue are consumed nationwide.

“MTN is the largest contributor to VAT in Nigeria. So they, in fact, pay VAT of over N200bn every month; the gap between them and number two is huge.”

He added, “Today, all the VAT paid by MTN is credited and attributed to Lagos State, even as calls are made in Kano, the FCT, Ekiti, Edo, or Kebbi.”

Part of the reform bill proposes adjustments to ensure a more equitable distribution of VAT revenues across states based on actual consumption rather than the location of corporate headquarters.

To demonstrate the implications of the proposed reforms, Oyedele provided a hypothetical redistribution model of MTN’s VAT contributions.

He illustrated how the reforms would allocate the VAT revenue based on consumption rather than the location of the company’s headquarters.

Under this new framework, Lagos State, which currently retains the full N200bn, would see its share reduced to approximately 20 per cent, while other states across the federation would benefit from a fairer distribution.

“This adjustment ensures that states where the VAT is generated get their fair share,” Oyedele said.

“When you analyse the data, you see Lagos State’s share reduces slightly, but every other state gains.”

The tax reform bill, which aims to address longstanding issues in Nigeria’s fiscal policies, includes provisions for revenue redistribution, addressing inefficiencies, and promoting fairness in the tax system.

The reform proposal has sparked debates recently, with some critics accusing the committee of pushing policies that could adversely affect some parties.

Oyedele dismissed these claims, emphasising that the current system is flawed and unfair. “If you’re doing the wrong thing, how can Lagos State disagree with us when we propose to fix it?” he argued.


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Airtel Kicks-off 10th Edition of ‘5 Days of Love’, Feeds 6,000 Across Nigeria

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Airtel Nigeria has commenced its annual 5 Days of Love campaign, a philanthropic initiative designed to spread the joy and warmth of the festive season by feeding thousands of underprivileged Nigerians and supporting communities across the country.

Marking its 10th edition, this year’s campaign themed ‘5 Days; 6 Cities; 6,000 Meals’ successfully kicked off in Lagos on Monday, 16th December 2024, at Holy Cross Cathedral School, Onikan, Lagos, with 1,000 individuals, including children, youth, and the elderly, receiving packed meals. The event created a festive atmosphere filled with joy, celebration, laughter and entertainment.

Speaking on this year’s edition of the project, Airtel Nigeria CEO, Dinesh Balsingh, represented by Lagos Regional Operations Director, Airtel Nigeria, Peter Francis, emphasized that the broader significance of the 5 Days of Love festive period program was beyond meal distribution.

“At Airtel, we pride ourselves in being a people-centred organization. This event is not only about providing meals; it is a meaningful way to connect with communities, share moments of warmth, joy, and togetherness, and create a vibrant atmosphere of celebration and love.

“Today reminds us of the core values of joy, love, kindness, and shared humanity that define this initiative and Airtel’s mission. Together, we can continue to make a lasting positive impact.”

Following the successful completion of Lagos event, the 5 Days of Love train moves to Borno on Tuesday, 17th December; Abuja on Wednesday, 18th December; and Enugu and Rivers States on Thursday, 19th December; before concluding in Osun State on Friday, 20th December 2024.

Also speaking during the event, Executive Chairman, Lagos Island East Local Government Development Area, Honourable Muibi Alade Folawiyo, lauded Airtel Nigeria for a thoughtful initiative of sharing love with individuals and communities, encouraging the telco to keep the program alive.

“This is a remarkable act of kindness, and I appreciate Airtel for its dedication to uplifting lives and spreading love to individuals. I am grateful to Airtel Nigeria for spreading joy to us in this part of Lagos,” he said.

The 5 Days of Love campaign reflects Airtel Nigeria’s commitment to enriching the lives of Nigerians through meaningful community engagement and support. By fostering a sense of togetherness and goodwill, Airtel continues to exemplify its role as a socially responsible organization, creating lasting positive impact during the festive season and year round.

 


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