E-Financial
Criminal Cartel Hijack Bank Data, Demand Ransom in Bitcoins
Criminal cartel recently hijacked a local commercial bank’s data and demanded for a ransom payment in bitcoins, according to the Tribune.
This reportedly prompted the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) at the weekend to prohibit commercial banks and other financial institutions from facilitating payment for cryptocurrency transactions.
Reacting to various comments and reactions following its recent reminder to Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) to desist from transacting in / and with entities dealing in cryptocurrencies, the CBN said most of these reactions revealed a need to provide further justifications about its position, especially to the general public.
In a statement by Osita Nwanisobi, acting director, Corporate Communications, the CBN said it had no comfort in cryptocurrencies at this time and will continue to do all within its regulatory powers to educate Nigerians to desist from its use and protect the financial system from activities of fraudsters and speculators.
“For those who are not conversant with the universe of cryptocurrencies, it is important to state that Cryptocurrencies are digital or virtual currencies issued by largely anonymous entities and secured by cryptography. Cryptography is a method of encrypting and hiding codes that prevent oversight, accountability, and regulation. While there are a number of cryptocurrencies now in circulation, Bitcoin was the first to be introduced in 2009, and now accounts for about 68 percent of all cryptocurrencies,” he said.
“As regards our recent policy pronouncement, it is important to clarify that the CBN circular of February 5, 2021 did not place any new restrictions on cryptocurrencies, given that all banks in the country had earlier been forbidden, through CBN’s circular dated January 12, 2017, not to use, hold, trade and/or transact in cryptocurrencies . Indeed, this position was reiterated in another CBN Press Release dated February 27, 2018.
“It is also important to note that the CBN’s position on cryptocurrencies is not an outlier as many countries, central banks, international financial institutions, and distinguished investors and economists have also warned against its use. They have all made similar pronouncements based of the significant risks that transacting in cryptocurrencies portend- risk of loss of investments, money laundering, terrorism financing, illicit fund flows and criminal activities. China, Canada, Taiwan, Indonesia, Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Bolivia, Kyrgyzstan, Ecuador, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Iran, Bangladesh, Nepal and Cambodia have all placed certain level of restrictions on financial institutions facilitating cryptocurrency transactions.
“In China, for example, cryptocurrencies are completely banned and all exchanges closed as well. Banks and other financial institutions are not allowed by law to transact or deal with cryptocurrencies. China’s Central Bank, called the Peoples Bank of China (PBoC) has provided several directives ruling out the use of these currencies. The PBOC views cryptocurrencies as illegal because they are not issued by any recognized monetary institution and do not hold any legal status that can make them equivalent to money. Hence banks and all stakeholders are strongly advised against their use as a currency.”
He said, even famed investor Warren Buffett has called cryptocurrencies “rat poison squared,” a “mirage,” and a “gambling device.” Mr. Buffett believes it is a “gambling device” given that they are mostly valuable because the person buying it does so, not as a means of payment; but in the hope they can sell it for even more than what they paid at some point.
During an online forum hosted by the Davos-based World Economic Forum few weeks ago, Andrew Bailey, the Governor of the Bank of England, highlighted the extreme price volatility of cryptocurrencies as one of the biggest flaws and explained that this flaw makes it impossible for them to be used as a lasting means of payment.
“Have we landed on what I would call the design, governance and arrangements for what I might call a lasting digital currency? No, I don’t think we’re there yet, honestly. I don’t think cryptocurrencies as originally formulated are it,” he said.
CBN said, “It is not surprising he would take that position because, Bitcoin, the best-known cryptocurrency, hit a record high of $42,000 per unit on January 8, 2021, and sank as low as $28,800 about two weeks later. This is far greater volatility than is found with normal currencies.
“Let us now turn to some of the justifications for CBN’s recent policy reminder. A perfunctory reflection on the definition of cryptocurrencies can already reveal several problems.
“First, in light of the fact that they are issued by unregulated and unlicensed entities, their use in Nigeria goes against the key mandates of the CBN, as enshrined in the CBN Act (2007), as the issuer of legal tender in Nigeria. In effect, the use of cryptocurrencies in Nigeria are a direct contravention of existing law. It is also important to highlight that there is a critical difference between a Central Bank issued Digital Currency and cryptocurrencies. As the names imply, while Central Banks can issue Digital Currencies, cryptocurrencies are issued by unknown and unregulated entities.
“Second, the very name and nature of “cryptocurrencies” suggests that its patrons and users value anonymity, obscurity, and concealment. The question that one may need to ask therefore is, why any entity would disguise its transactions if they were legal. It is on the basis of this opacity that cryptocurrencies have become well-suited for conducting many illegal activities including money laundering, terrorism financing, purchase of small arms and light weapons, and tax evasion. Indeed, many banks and investors who place a high value on reputation have been turned off from cryptocurrencies because of the damaging effects of the widespread use of cryptocurrencies for illegal activities. In fact, the role of cryptocurrencies in the purchase of hard and illegal drugs on the darknet website called “Silk Road” is well known. They have also been recent reports that cryptocurrencies have been used to finance terror plots, further damaging its image as a legitimate means of exchange.
“More also, repeated and recent evidence now suggests that some cryptocurrencies have become more widely used as speculative assets rather than as means of payment, thus explaining the significant volatility and variability in their prices. Because the total number of Bitcoins that would ever be issued is fixed (only 21 million will ever be created), new issuances are predetermined at a gradually decelerating pace. This limited supply has created a perverse incentive that encourages users to stockpile them in the hope that their prices rise. Unfortunately, with a conglomeration of desperate, disparate, and unregulated actors comes unprecedented price volatility that have threatened many sophisticated financial systems. In fact, the price of ether, one of the largest cryptocurrencies in the world, fell from US$320 to US$0.10 in June 2017. The price of Bitcoins has also suffered similar volatilities.
“Given that unlike Fiat Money which accompanied by full faith and comfort of a country or Central Bank, cryptocurrencies do not have any intrinsic value and do not generate returns by themselves. When one buys a stock, say of a conglomerate in the Nigeria Stock Exchange, its price reflects the activity and production of that conglomerate and the value people place on their goods and/or services. This price may rise as the conglomerate produces better goods/services and probably gains greater market share. The reverse would be true if the conglomerate does not innovate to improve the quality of its goods/services. In other words, the price of that stock reflects market fundamentals. In contrast, , cryptocurrencies do not have fundamentals and would never have fundamentals. Investors only buy in the hope that its use and acceptability will rise, thereby pushing up its demand and price. But since new versions of cryptocurrencies come on stream with new mathematical models, an infinite supply may someday crash the price to zero.
“At this juncture, the CBN would like to assert that our actions are not in any way, shape or form inimical to the development of FinTech or a technology-driven payment system. To the contrary, the Nigerian payment system has evolved significantly over the last decade, leapfrogging many of its counterparts in emerging, frontier and advanced economies propelled by reforms driven by the CBN. This is evident from the variety of participants, products, channels, cutting-edge technology in the payments system. It is also validated by the astronomical growth of volume/value of transactions and the fact that Nigeria is an investment destination of choice for international financial technology companies because of CBN’s policies that have created an enabling investment environment in the payments system.
“These developments in the payments and settlements space has helped to grow the financial system, improving financial inclusion, the quality and convenience of financial services and has also created millions of direct and indirect jobs for teeming youth population.
“The innovations in Nigeria’s payment system were catalyzed by regulatory reforms driven by the CBN which entailed the issuance of a raft of guidelines and regulations on Operations of Electronic Payments Channels in Nigeria; Transaction Switching; Card Issuance and Usage, Licensing of payment service providers; Mobile Money Services, Electronic Payments of Salaries, Pensions, Suppliers and Taxes, Licensing Super Agents in Nigeria; and use of USSD for Financial Services in Nigeria, Super Agents and Agent Banking Operations and Payment Service Banks to mention a few.
“The robust regulatory framework put in place by the Bank opened up the payment system to innovation with several new players across in the following licensing categories- Payment Terminal Service Providers (PTSPs), Payment Solution Service Providers (PSSPs), Mobile Money Operators (MMOs), Payment Terminal Application Developers (PTSAs), Switches, Super Agents, Agents and Payment Service Banks (PSBs) This has created both direct and indirect jobs for Nigeria’s youth population.
“Several other initiatives are being implemented to further support FinTech development and creation of jobs. These include regulatory sandbox and open banking principles that the Bank recently implemented.
“The recent regulatory directive became necessary to protect the financial system and the generality of Nigerians (including the youth population) from the risks inherent in crypto assets transactions, which have escalated in recent times, with dire consequences for the integrity of the financial system and financial stability. Due to the fact that cryptocurrencies are largely speculative, anonymous and untraceable they are increasingly being used for money laundering, terrorism financing and other criminal activities. Small retail and unsophisticated investors also face high probability of loss due to the high volatility of the investments in recent times.
“In light of these realities and analyses, the CBN has no comfort in cryptocurrencies at this time and will continue to do all within its regulatory powers to educate Nigerians to desist from its use and protect our financial system from activities of fraudsters and speculators.”
E-Financial
GAIM 6: Fidelity Bank Rewards 10 Customers with N10m
Fidelity Bank Plc has announced the first set of millionaires in its Get Alert in Millions Season Six (GAIM 6) promo.
In an event held at the bank’s corporate office in Lagos and observed online, the bank revealed ten customers each won cash prizes of N1 million in an electronic draw supervised by regulatory agencies and members of the media.
Fidelity Bank initiated the GAIM 6 promotion on November 20, 2024, with the aim of encouraging a healthy savings culture.
Through this promotion, the bank will distribute a total of N159 million in cash prizes to reward its loyal customers.
Speaking at the first monthly draw of the promo in Lagos, Dr Ken Opara, promo chairperson and executive director, Lagos and South-West, Fidelity Bank Plc, represented by Mr. Jude Monye, regional bank head, Ikeja and directorate head, North Business of Fidelity Bank, noted that “GAIM promo emphasises the importance of maintaining a healthy savings habit among the bank’s customers.
The said this habit insulates them from economic shocks, enables individuals and families to navigate emergencies, and allows them to invest in their future.
According to Dr. Opara, “10 lucky winners were chosen via an electronic draw monitored by lottery regulators and each will receive the sum of one million each.
“The bank would disburse N159 million to its lucky customers between November 2024 and August 2025 when the grand finale of the promo would hold.
“Today, we have witnessed the first promo monthly draw and 10 winners have emerged from the six geo-political zones of the country. One winner emerged from the South West; two from Abuja; two from the South-South; South-East produced two winners; Lagos got two winners; and North Central had one winner,” he said.
Shedding light on how people can qualify for the draw, Dr. Opara explained that, “Both existing and new customers can win by simply topping their account with a minimum of N5,000 as every N5,000 saved guarantees a ticket in the draws and there is no limit to the number of tickets a customer can have).
Highlighting the benefits of driving saving culture through the Fidelity Bank GAIM 6 Promo, Dr Opara noted that, “The benefits of fostering a culture of savings extend beyond individual households.
“Through our GAIM promo, customers will enjoy free financial advisory services from the bank to help sustain their financial well-being.
“In the previous editions of the GAIM promo, we have successfully onboarded many new-to-bank customers while encouraging current customers to increase their savings.
“An increased savings leads to more substantial investments in education, healthcare, and infrastructure, driving economic growth. Fidelity Bank is renowned across Nigeria for helping individuals grow, businesses thrive, and economies prosper by prioritizing our customers’ financial well-being.
“This initiative has significantly contributed to the government’s National Financial Inclusion Strategy, which aims to increase the percentage of adults with savings accounts from 39 to 70 per cent by 2025.
“I encouraged those who have not yet opened a Fidelity Bank savings account to do so, via any of the bank’s channels, as the promo is opened to both new and existing customers,” he added.
On his part, Mr. Osita Ede, divisional head, Product Development, Fidelity Bank, noted that, “The bank planned to reward the customers before the Christmas celebration to support them in meeting their expenses but the draw is open to customers who have Fidelity Bank savings accounts and have grown their savings to N10,000 and above from the promo launch date of November 20, 2024.
Mr Tanko Olaseni, head, Monitoring Inspection and Enforcement, Lagos State Lotteries and Gaming Authority, commended Fidelity Bank for being transparent with the draw while noting that, the promo initiative would further boost the image of the bank and its profitability as savings culture is promoted among its customers.
E-Financial
BudgIT Queries Irregularities in FG’s Proposed 2025 Budget
BudgIT, a civic-tech organisation promoting transparency, accountability, and effective service delivery in Nigeria, has said that it has observed certain legacy issues with the federal government proposed 2025 budget.
BudgIT has therefore has called on the National Assembly to proactively address the irregularities, exercise its “Powers of the Purse” responsibly, allow robust public participation in the budget review process, and ensure that the approved budget reflects the needs and preferences of Nigerians through job creation, poverty reduction, and inclusive broad-based economic growth.
The organisation in a statement by Nancy Odimegwu, its communications associate, noted that a review of the performance of the Federal Government budget over recent years has revealed that the Federal Government often falls way off the mark in its macroeconomic assumptions, which pose serious fiscal risks leading to severe budget financing challenges, additional unforeseen government obligations, and a significant increase in public debt.
The government’s inflation projection of 15% in the 2025 fiscal year appears grossly unrealistic, it said, considering that inflation, which stood at 34.6% as of November 2024, has been driven not only by monetary factors such as exchange rate and money supply but also by the constant increase in food and energy prices—both of which the government has not created a clear roadmap to resolving in the short term.
While the oil price projection of $75 per barrel appears feasible given the global outlook of $70 to $73 per barrel, we strongly advise the National Assembly to resist the urge to increase the oil price benchmark to create fiscal space for their budgetary insertions, a practice observed in previous years.
“Recall that in previous years, BudgIT has identified several budgetary insertions made by the National Assembly that deviate from the federal government’s constitutional mandate and priorities and are assigned to MDAs that have neither the capacity nor the mandate to implement the inserted projects. In 2021, BudgIT observed that 5,601 capital projects were added to the Appropriation Bill during the review process by the National Assembly,” it said .
“In 2022, it increased to 6,462 projects across 37 Mother Ministries and 340 MDAs, while in 2024, 7,447 insertions amounting to a staggering N2.24 trillion were found in the budget. While the Constitution grants the National Assembly the authority to appropriate funds, it often modifies the Executive’s proposed budget to distort its original intent and disconnect it from the nation’s long-term development agenda. Many inserted projects usually lack proper conceptualisation, design, and cost estimation, undermining their effectiveness and feasibility. We believe that the legislature must exercise this power with the utmost responsibility. This responsibility, which cannot be overstated, entails ensuring resource efficiency, eliminating waste, and aligning budgetary decisions with the nation’s long-term economic development goals.
“Also, we have observed that the 2025 proposed budget breakdown submitted to the National Assembly for review and approval and published on the Budget Office website omits the breakdown of some MDAs, commissions, and councils, such as the National Judicial Council (₦341.63 billion), and TETFUND (₦940.5 billion). The budgets of over 60 government-owned enterprises (GOEs), including the Nigeria Ports Authority, Nigeria Customs Service, Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA), etc., were conspicuously absent from the 2025 Proposed Budget.
“Furthermore, a combined ₦2.49 trillion has been allocated to five regional development commissions (Niger Delta: ₦776.53 billion; South West: ₦498.40 billion; North East: ₦290.99 billion; North West: ₦585.93 billion; and South East: ₦341.27 billion) under the umbrella of personnel costs. This approach obscures the true nature of these commissions’ operational expenses. For context, the Ministry of Interior, responsible for overseeing the Nigeria Immigration Service, Nigeria Correctional Service, Nigeria Security and Civil Defence Corps (NSCDC), Federal Fire Service, and their governing board, has a significantly lower recurrent non-debt expenditure allocation of N648.84 billion. This amount covers personnel and overhead costs for the entire ministry and its agencies. Lumping development commission budgets under personnel costs raises concerns about transparency and accountability. It hinders proper scrutiny of how these funds are utilised and whether they effectively achieve their intended development objectives.
“More worrisome is the fact that the 2025 budget notably omits funding for the Lagos-Calabar Coastal Road, a capital-intensive infrastructure project. This omission implies that if funding for this project materialises, it will likely necessitate reallocating funds from other critical projects, potentially hindering their implementation and impacting the budget’s credibility. It is worth noting that President Bola Ahmed Tinubu’s recent pronouncement regarding the retirement package of military generals, which includes the provision of a bulletproof SUV, fully paid foreign medical treatment, $20,000 as estacode for medical trips, and payments for domestic help, contradicts his previous commitments to reduce the cost of governance and welfare packages to top-ranked public officials and civil servants. Such provisions not only inflate the budget and widen the fiscal deficit but may also demoralise lower-ranking military personnel, who lack adequate health insurance and retirement benefits despite their higher exposure to combat risks.
“As the National Assembly reviews the 2025 Proposed Budget, BudgIT appeals to the 360 Honourable Members of the Federal House of Representatives and 109 Distinguished Senators of the Nigerian Senate to prioritise national interest over personal or parochial considerations and ensure that the approved budget stimulates economic activities and macroeconomic stability, allocates resources to foster economic growth and development, equitably distributes resources to reduce poverty and inequality, and caters to the most vulnerable Nigerians.”
E-Financial
NAICOM Seeks Police’s Support to Enforce Third-party Motor Insurance
National Insurance Commission (NAICOM) has sought the support of the Nigeria Police Force to enforce Third-Party Motor Insurance in Nigeria. The Commissioner for Insurance/CEO, Mr. Olusegun Ayo Omosehin, made this request when he paid a working visit to the Inspector General of Police, Federal Republic of Nigeria, Mr. Kayode Adeolu Egbetokun, at the Force Headquarters.
The Commissioner for Insurance who congratulated the IGP on his notable achievements, particularly the recent licence acquisition for the Police Insurance Company, reminded the IGP of his earlier request for assistance in enforcing all compulsory insurance policies, including Third-Party Motor Insurance.
The CFI pledged to provide the necessary support to ensure seamless enforcement of third-party motor insurance across the country. To guarantee the success of this initiative, Omosehin emphasized the need for a mass awareness campaign and education of the Nigeria Police Officers.
In response, the IGP expressed his alignment with the CFI for insurance, acknowledging the compulsory nature of third-party motor insurance in Nigeria. He emphasized that violating this law is punishable, yet unfortunately, only 30 percent of vehicles in the country are insured.
The IGP highlighted the numerous benefits of having insurance coverage, stressing the importance of protecting lives and property.
He urged citizens to obtain at least a third-party insurance cover for their vehicles before driving on Nigerian roads.
To ensure compliance, the IGP announced that full enforcement of third-party motor insurance will commence on February 1, 2025.
Present at the meeting was the Deputy Commissioner, Technical, Dr. Usman Jankara; the Deputy Commissioner Finance &Administration, Mr. Ekerete Ola Gam-Ikon; Director Legal, Enforcement & Market Development, Dr. Talmis Usman; Director of Inspectorate, Mr. Bankole Ajebola; Senior Police Officers, and others.
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