A digital rights advocacy organisation, Paradigm Initiative has taken legal action against the National Identity Management Commission (NIMC), Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and other government agencies, alleging systemic violations of citizens’ digital rights, including failures in data protection and inclusivity.

This is even as it revealed the scale of an alleged data breach affecting 43 million Nigerians.

Gbenga Sesan, executive director, Paradigm Initiative, at the end of year media briefing, on Wednesday, in Lagos, said Paradigm Initiative is taking this step, following allegations that surfaced in April 2024 about hackers gaining unauthorised access to national databases, claiming that personal data—including National Identity Numbers (NINs), home addresses, phone numbers, and passport details—was illegally accessed and sold.

According to Sesan, this breach potentially affects up to 43 million Nigerians. “When the data of ordinary Nigerians is breached, nobody does anything. To draw attention to the issue, Paradigm Initiative purchased the personal data of senior government officials, including the Minister of Communications and Digital Economy, and used it as evidence to push for legal action,” he stated.

“To this end, Paradigm Initiative has filed a lawsuit against NIMC and several other agencies, including the Central Bank of Nigeria, Nigeria Immigration Service, and the Federal Inland Revenue Service, accusing them of failing to protect citizens’ data.

“The case, filed in the Abuja Judicial Division in October 2024, aims to establish three key objectives: Prove that a data leak occurred; Invoke the powers of the Nigeria Data Protection Act and ensure accountability and sanctions for responsible parties. January 2025 has been scheduled for hearing,” Sesan revealed.

Sesan highlighted the government’s alleged negligence, particularly NIMC’s repeated denial of any breach.

“They called me a liar on national TV,” Sesan remarked. “But if data wasn’t leaked, why did the Minister call for an investigation? Why did the Data Protection Commission acknowledge a fine? These contradictions need answers.”

He also criticized the lack of independence and funding for the Nigeria Data Protection Commission (NDPC). “In 2024, the NDPC operated with a budget of zero Naira,” Sesan revealed, underscoring systemic issues in the enforcement of data protection laws.

The data breach has broader implications for national security, as it raises questions about the reliability of government systems meant to protect sensitive information. Sesan expressed concern about the use of third-party vendors in managing national data, emphasizing the need for stricter oversight.

“The government forced Nigerians to stand in queues during the COVID-19 pandemic to register for NINs, promising that it would enhance security,” Sesan said. “Now, the same data meant to protect us is being mishandled and sold. This negligence is unacceptable.”

The lawsuit seeks to address these issues comprehensively, calling for greater accountability from agencies entrusted with citizens’ data, said Sesan, challenging the government to clarify discrepancies in its handling of the breach and ensure that ordinary Nigerians are not left vulnerable to exploitation.

“The court proceedings could set a landmark precedent for data protection in Nigeria, I urge citizens to demand greater transparency and accountability from those in power. This fight isn’t just about senior officials. It’s about protecting every Nigeria’s fundamental right to privacy,” he added.

In her opening remarks, the chief operating officer, Paradigm Initiative, Nnena Paul-Ugochukwu, said: “Africa is at the forefront of a global digital revolution, bringing unprecedented opportunities in education, health, business, and governance.

However, Ugochukwu highlighted significant challenges, including the widening digital gap, data privacy violations, censorship, and poor digital governance. While technology has enhanced our lives, these challenges hinder economic growth, social progress, and the fundamental rights of citizens,”

The COO also pointed to the disturbing trends of internet shutdowns, digital surveillance, and algorithmic biases, which threaten freedom of expression and disproportionately affect underserved communities.

To tackle these issues, she said, Paradigm Initiative, a pan-African nonprofit, has been at the forefront of promoting internet freedom and digital inclusion for over 15 years. “With a presence in six African countries and programs spanning 27 nations, Paradigm Initiative has directly impacted more than 150,350 underserved African youth, providing digital opportunities and protecting online rights,” she added.

Galaxy Backbone Limited, Nigeria’s premier Information and Communication Technology (ICT) service provider, had the distinct honor of hosting the Executive Governor of Plateau State, His Excellency, Barrister Caleb Manasseh Mutfwang, at its corporate headquarters in Abuja. The visit highlighted Plateau State’s growing commitment to harnessing digital infrastructure to enhance governance and accelerate economic development.

Governor Mutfwang, accompanied by a distinguished delegation, toured Galaxy Backbone’s state-of-the-art facilities, including its Tier III data center, its Security Operations Centre and Network Operations Centre. The visit provided a platform for robust discussions on leveraging ICT for improved transparency, accountability, and efficiency in governance.

Welcoming the Governor, the Managing Director and CEO of Galaxy Backbone, Professor Ibrahim Adeyanju, commended his visionary leadership and dedication to digital transformation.

“Your visit is a testament to Plateau State’s commitment to embracing innovation as a catalyst for development,” Professor Adeyanju stated. He further emphasized Galaxy Backbone’s unwavering dedication to providing the digital infrastructure and expertise required to turn this vision into reality.

During the meeting, the Galaxy Backbone team outlined the immense opportunities that Plateau State could unlock through its partnership with the ICT giant.

These included access to Uptime-certified data centers for secure and uninterrupted operations, robust digital security measures through the Security Operations and Network Operations Centers, and cost-effective solutions designed to localize data sovereignty while optimizing payment structures. Additionally, the discussion explored how managed cloud services, tailored to Plateau State’s unique needs, could scale e-governance initiatives and drive efficiencies.

The visit also focused on empowering the state’s workforce through capacity-building initiatives. Galaxy Backbone is committed to designing training programs that would not only enhance digital literacy but also foster an ecosystem of innovation to create job opportunities for the youth.

The potential of the 1Government Cloud platform was also discussed, highlighting its ability to streamline and automate government services while promoting transparency and accountability. Furthermore, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were positioned as tools for informed decision-making, offering solutions in areas such as land registration and resource management.

Governor Mutfwang expressed his administration’s dedication to transforming Plateau State into a leading digital hub, noting the state’s unique positioning as a vibrant ICT community outside Lagos. He underscored the importance of empowering the youth to participate in the global digital economy while residing in Plateau. “This is the future, and Galaxy Backbone is pivotal to making this vision a reality,” he remarked.

He also referenced complementary projects, such as the ongoing upgrade of the Yakubu Gowon Airport into a cargo hub and the African Development Bank’s selection of Plateau State as a Special Agro-Industrial Processing Zone, as initiatives poised to boost the state’s economic potential.

Barr. Mutfwang also described GBB as a national asset with immense potential to foster good governance and stimulate economic growth. He commended the company for its role in promoting digital inclusivity and emphasized his administration’s determination to spearhead a digital revolution in Plateau State.

The visit earlier commenced with an extensive tour of Galaxy Backbone’s cutting-edge facilities, reinforcing the company’s readiness to support Plateau State’s aspirations. Professor Adeyanju reiterated the company’s commitment to translating the interactive deliberations into actionable solutions, stating, “This engagement marks a significant milestone in our journey to redefine governance and foster innovation.

“We are honored to host Your Excellency and look forward to working closely with your administration to achieve a digitally inclusive and economically prosperous Plateau State.”

The collaboration between Galaxy Backbone and Plateau State signals a bold step toward a groundbreaking digital transformation, setting a precedent for ICT-driven development not only in the state but across Nigeria.

IFC has anchored a $1.2 billion dual tranche bond issuance—its biggest ever mobilization for a single bond deal—for IHS Holding Limited  (“IHS Towers”) to support digital connectivity for millions of people in emerging markets in Africa, Latin America, and the Middle East.

The funds will enable the company to refinance existing debt and support organic growth across its markets.

The financing package, which was supported by an initial commitment from IFC of up to $100 million, will help the company refinance some of its near-term debt and lengthen its debt maturity profile.

IHS Towers, one of the world’s largest independent communications infrastructure providers, builds towers, supports the deployment of mobile network operator equipment, and provides fiber connectivity for its customers.

Estimates indicate that 95 percent of people without internet access reside in low- and middle-income countries, presenting a significant opportunity to expand digital connectivity.

Access to affordable, good-quality internet services is central to economic and social development, driving business growth, local economies, and access to education, healthcare, and financial services.

Dahlia Khalifa, IFC Regional Director, Central Africa and Anglophone West Africa, said, “This investment represents a transformative step toward closing the digital divide and driving sustainable, inclusive growth in emerging markets.

“We are proud to support IHS Towers through this partnership to help foster digital inclusion and empower businesses and individuals with greater access to digital tools that drive innovation, create jobs, and strengthen communities, especially in the most remote areas of the countries covered by this important project.”

IHS Towers will continue in its efforts to integrate solar power and energy-efficient systems to reduce the carbon emissions intensity of its tower operations, ensuring it plays a central role in driving innovation and growth within the telecoms sector.

“We are proud to support innovative solutions that advance digital inclusion while prioritizing sustainability,” said Sarvesh Suri, IFC Regional Industry Director, Infrastructure and Natural Resources in Africa.

“Our collaboration with IHS Towers underscores our shared commitment to driving sustainable development globally, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, empowering communities to engage more fully in the digital economy.”

IFC has been a long-standing partner of IHS Towers which operates over 40,000 towers facilitating mobile coverage and connectivity for approximately 750 million people across 10 countries: Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Zambia, Brazil, Colombia, and Kuwait. Approximately three quarters of IHS’s towers are located in Africa.

By financing mobile network operators, independent tower operators, data centers, and broadband providers, IFC is strengthening the infrastructure needed to expand digital connectivity. This effort actively bolsters Africa’s digital economy while providing reliable and affordable access to millions.