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HRW Wants End to Internet Shutdown to Manage COVID-19

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HRW has urged governments such as Bangladesh, Ethiopia, India, and Myanmar, that are currently imposing an internet shutdown, to lift them immediately to save lives.

HRW Wants End to Internet Shutdown to Manage COVID-19

During a health crisis, access to timely and accurate information is crucial. People use the internet for updates on health measures, movement restrictions, and relevant news to protect themselves and others.

“Internet shutdowns block people from getting essential information and services,” said Deborah Brown, senior digital rights researcher and advocate. “During this global health crisis, shutdowns directly harm people’s health and lives, and undermine efforts to bring the pandemic under control.”

For people around the world staying at home, either willingly or because of government restrictions, the internet is critical to communicate with doctors, family, and friends. For many children and others seeking an education, it is needed to continue learning as schools shutter around the world.

Internet shutdowns can have a greater impact on women, lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender individuals, people with disabilities, and older people who may rely on the internet for online support services.

These groups are most likely to rely on the internet to protect their physical safety, access sexual and reproductive health information and care, and participate in social, professional, and economic life, particularly when women are disproportionately taking on more child care and education responsibilities, and when isolation can lead to or exacerbate psychological distress.

The economic cost of internet disruptions is significant. As restrictions on movement expand, many individuals and businesses are relying on the internet more than usual for their work.

Internet shutdowns have become increasingly common in recent years, usually during tense periods, such as elections, anti-government protests, or armed conflicts. Thirty-three countries enforced 213 internet shutdowns in 2019, according to Access Now. Government justifications ranged from a need to combat fake news to public safety and national security.

India had the most internet shutdowns with at least 385 ordered since 2012. In Jammu and Kashmir, the Indian government imposed a complete communications blackout in August 2019, which stopped families from communicating and disrupted the local economy.

Phone services were gradually restored, but it was only after the Supreme Court found the internet shutdown illegal in January 2020 that service was partially restored, and only at 2G speed.

Since COVID-19 spread to India, people have reported not being able to access websites that provide information about the pandemic due to highly restricted speeds that make accessing anything beyond text messages nearly impossible. The New Delhi-based Internet Freedom Foundation has called on the government to “make all tools including high speed internet available to doctors and patients to save lives.”

In Ethiopia, millions of people in western Oromia may be missing key information about COVID-19 because of a months-long government-imposed shutdown of internet and phone services.

The shutdown has prevented families from communicating, disrupted lifesaving services, and contributed to an information blackout during government counterinsurgency operations in the area.

In Myanmar, the government is blocking the internet for more than one million people in Rakhine and Chin States.

It first restricted access in eight townships in Rakhine State and one in Chin State last June, with an impact on civilians in conflict areas, the delivery of humanitarian aid, and the work of human rights monitors.

The government lifted restrictions in five townships in Rakhine and Chin States in September but reinstated them on February 3, 2020.

In Bangladesh, an internet blackout and phone restrictions at Rohingya refugee camps are hindering humanitarian groups from addressing the COVID-19 threat. The shutdown jeopardizes the health and lives of nearly 900,000 refugees in Cox’s Bazar and the Bangladeshi host community.

Nearly four years ago, the United Nations Human Rights Council first condemned measures to prevent or disrupt access to or dissemination of information online and called on countries to refrain from such measures. Last week, leading international free speech experts said that internet shutdowns “cannot be justified” during the COVID-19 outbreak.

On March 27, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights urged all governments to end any and all internet and telecommunication shutdowns. “Amidst the COVID-19 crisis, fact-based and relevant information on the disease and its spread and response must reach all people, without exception,” a statement said.

Under international law, governments have an obligation to ensure that any restrictions to information online are provided by law, are a necessary and proportionate response to a specific threat, and are in the public interest.

Officials should never use broad, indiscriminate shutdowns to stop the flow of information or to harm people’s ability to express political views, and doing so during a health crisis can cost lives, Human Rights Watch said.

Governments order internet shutdowns but internet service providers are responsible for carrying them out. Internet service providers should do everything in their power to push back against unjustified internet shutdowns, including by demanding a legal basis for any shutdown order and interpreting requests to cause the least intrusive restrictions. They should prioritize their responsibilities under the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, and avoid complicity in human rights abuses, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Providers should give customers advance notice of shutdowns and disclose the government’s role and legal basis for restricting networks and services.

Human rights organizations can join and participate in the #KeepItOn campaign coordinated by Access Now to fight internet shutdowns with documentation, advocacy, policy maker engagement, technical support, and legal interventions.

“During a global pandemic, when people around the world are isolated and access to information can mean life or death, it’s time to impose a moratorium on internet shutdowns,” Brown said. “Governments should ensure immediate access to the fastest and broadest possible service for all.”


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E-Business

Konga Yakata Black Friday Sale Begins: Up to 85% Discount Across Categories

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Konga, Nigeria’s leading e-commerce group, has officially kicked off its highly anticipated annual Konga Yakata Black Friday sale.

Launched on Friday, November 1st, and running through November 30th, 2024, this year’s Yakata sale brings unbeatable offers across all Konga subsidiaries, including Konga Online, Konga Retail, KongaPay, Konga Travel and Tours, Konga Health, and Konga Logistics.

Regarded as the “Biggest Sale of the Year,” Konga Yakata Black Friday offers consumers the opportunity to enjoy up to 85% discount on a wide range of products across categories, including groceries, phones and accessories, home appliances, fashion, and beauty.

This year’s campaign brings significant relief to shoppers as Konga aims to help Nigerians navigate current economic challenges.

As a trusted and authorized retailer of leading Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs), Konga provides shoppers with unmatched access to genuine products from renowned brands such as Starlink, L’Oreal, Apple, Samsung, Philips, Zinox, Nokia, Hisense, Oppo, Infinix, Lenovo, and HP.

Consumers can expect not only the convenience of authentic goods but also a distinct pricing advantage on these premium brands.

The Yakata campaign also supports Nigerian small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) by driving consumer demand through nationwide awareness and promoting e-commerce adoption.

Konga has invested significantly in creating awareness for Yakata, enabling more Nigerians to leverage online shopping for their essential needs and lifestyle desires.

The deals do not end on Konga.com alone. Through its subsidiaries, Konga is offering exclusive deals to customers during the Yakata period:

  • Konga Travel and Tours affiliates and top clients should look forward to perks including free weekend hotel accommodations, and a zero-service charge for corporate clients who book travel during the Yakata campaign.
  • Konga Health is offering exciting discounts on renowned brands like CeraVe and on your favourite beauty and health products. Customers can also use your favourite Konga Health influencer’s voucher code to unlock even more exclusive deals and freebies! Stay tuned to Konga Health’s social media pages for the latest updates and announcements.
  • KongaPay is offering shoppers who use KongaPay for purchases on Konga.com will receive a 10% discount, with additional benefits like 10% off on bill payments including electricity, cable TV, and data. Users who maintain a savings balance of at least NGN 50,000 are eligible for a 15% annual interest rate. As part of a special promotion, shoppers who use KongaPay also stand a chance to win cash prizes in a 100k giveaway. To qualify, customers simply need to download the KongaPay app and create an account in minutes.
  • Konga Logistics offers delivery at competitive, discounted rates. Konga Logistics also ensures a seamless shopping experience with reliable and affordable delivery options for all purchases made during the Yakata season.

The Konga Yakata Black Friday campaign is a unique opportunity for Nigerian consumers to access premium products at unbeatable prices, while also benefiting from Konga’s trusted logistics and payment solutions.

Shoppers are encouraged to visit Konga.com to take advantage of these exceptional offers throughout November.

 


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Coins Launches to Empower Nigerians in Diaspora with Affordable Remittances

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Bamboo, the investment platform enabling Africans to invest globally through real-time access to global markets, has announced the launch of its remittance app, “Coins by Bamboo.”

Backed by the Canadian Money Service Business licence, the new remittance app, available on the Google Play and Apple stores for download, will enable Nigerians in the diaspora to make faster, more secure and cheaper money transfers to loved ones from the convenience of their mobile phones.

The Y-Combinator-backed company was founded in 2019 as the first online brokerage service to connect Africans with the US stock market, allowing those across the socioeconomic bracket to buy and trade global stocks on the Bamboo app.

Coins by Bamboo is an extension of the brand ethos of Bamboo which is to give Africans the ability to invest in anything from everywhere. It further reflects the company’s commitment to democratising wealth building and facilitating meaningful investments in local communities as well as Africa’s future.

Having successfully scaled the Canadian vetting process to acquire an MSB licence, Bamboo is certified to offer remittance financial services to a high standard of regulatory and operational compliance.

The company is also able to take advantage of lessons it’s learnt connecting Africans with global asset classes to bring cost savings that are crucial for the millennials and Gen-Z who have migrated to Canada over the last ten years but still maintain strong ties to their home country.

Speaking on the announcement, Richmond Bassey, Co-founder and CEO of Bamboo says, “We are thrilled to officially launch “Coins by Bamboo” to the public. “Coins” is a logical evolution of our core values – providing an opportunity for Africans to participate in the global investment economy.”

Bassey continues, “We believe that one of the most preferred and important investments of Africans is in other Africans – investing in people and their futures through human capital development; and we want to contribute to making this a seamless process.

For us, this new app further ignites our mission to democratise access to investment opportunities for Africans by fostering social impact and opportunities to invest in the wellbeing of those who matter the most to them.”

Bamboo is also partnering with several charitable foundations including Women at Risk International Foundation (WARIF), Chess2Slums and Bethesda Home For The Blind to make it easier for Nigerians in the diaspora to donate to causes and projects that they care about.

According to the World Bank, remittance flows to sub-Saharan Africa peaked at $54 billion in 2023 and remittance via formal channels is projected to reach $283 billion by 2035. Yet, SSA continues to have the highest average remittance cost at about 7.9 per cent to every $200 compared to the global average of $5.

Historically, Nigeria dominates the remittance sector, sometimes accounting for up to half of the region’s inflows. With emigration at an all-time high, there remains a growing demand for affordable and accessible digital remittance solutions necessitating the birth of Coins by Bamboo.

The new app will offer competitive rates comparable to their counterparts, in addition to offering customers the unique opportunity to directly donate to a curated list of charities. It will be initially available to Africans in the Nigeria-Canada corridor before expanding to the United Kingdom.

For many in Africa, the remittance industry is a crucial lifeline. By addressing the high fees and complex transfer processes, Coins by Bamboo is offering a more streamlined and cost-effective alternative that benefits both senders and recipients.


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FG Invests $40m in Intercept Technology, $583m in Surveillance-  S4C

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Nigeria has reportedly invested $40 million in intercept technology and $583 million on public surveillance, according to a new report by Spaces for Change (S4C), a civil society organization.

G Invests $40m in Intercept Technology, $583m in Surveillance-  S4C

So-called intercept technology and surveillance allow legally sanctioned official access to private communications, such as telephone calls or e-mail messages in a bid to enhance national security, prevent crime and aid criminal investigations.

Victoria Ibezim-Ohaeri, executive director of S4C, said that “The Nigerian government has allocated approximately $40m for intercept technologies and an estimated $583m on public surveillance projects with Chinese tech firms.”

Ibezim-Ohaeri, spoke at the West Africa Civil Society Week held in Abuja with the “Leveraging Technology for Civic Engagement and Social Change in West Africa”

At the event held in collaboration with Civic Space Resource Hub, West Africa Civil Society Institute and the Ford Foundation, Ibezim-Ohaeri stated that this expenditure prioritised security over essential public services like education and healthcare, raising questions about the government’s commitment to human rights.

With lawful interception (LI), law enforcement authorities, in response to a warrant from a judge, can perform interception, simply by applying a ‘tap’ on the telephone line of the target, making it possible for security agencies in Nigeria to listen to terrorist and criminal cell phone calls and gather communications intelligence on their dark activities.

But Ibezim-Ohaeri said her organization’s report emphasised the historical context of surveillance in Nigeria, linking colonial practices to modern state surveillance tactics.

Ibezim-Ohaeri noted, “Colonial authorities established a framework for surveillance that persists today, where security agencies continue to repress dissent and monitor civic actors.”

Key findings from the report indicated that the military regime significantly intensified state surveillance, enacting laws that curtailed press freedoms and facilitated the harassment of journalists and political activists.

“Just as the U.S. expanded surveillance post-9/11, Nigeria mirrored this response after the 2011 UN building bombing,” she remarked, referring to legislation that broadened surveillance powers under the guise of national security.

The report outlined how civic actors and opposition politicians are often the primary targets of these surveillance initiatives.

“Evidence shows that state governors have acquired surveillance technologies to monitor political rivals, demonstrating the pervasive nature of these tactics,” Ibezim-Ohaeri explained.

Furthermore, the report highlighted that most surveillance technologies used in Nigeria are imported from countries like Israel, China, and the United States, emphasizing the risks posed by dual-use technologies that can be repurposed for oppressive measures.

“The dual-use nature of these technologies significantly contributes to their unchecked proliferation, often leading to abuses by both state and non-state actors,” she stated.

Despite existing legal frameworks, the report criticised the inadequacy of regulatory controls over surveillance technologies.

 

“While laws exist to govern surveillance, their enforcement is weak, creating a fertile ground for abuse and misuse,” Ibezim-Ohaeri cautioned.

In light of these findings, the report called for urgent reforms, including improved regulatory oversight and transparency in the procurement processes for surveillance technologies.

“We need a commitment to human rights that begins at the production stage, ensuring that surveillance technologies do not infringe on civil liberties,” she said.

Llawful interception (LI), in response to a warrant from a judge, lawful interception is performed simply by applying a ‘tap’ on the telephone line of the target, making it possible for security agencies in Nigeria to listen to terrorist and criminal cell phone calls and gather communications intelligence on their dark activities.

 

 

 


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