E-Financial
Judiciary, Banks Chase Shadows as another Banking Crisis Looms
Nearly ten years ago the Central Bank of Nigeria conducted a deep assessment of the country’s banks.
The 2009 exercise exposed large-scale fraud committed by a number of CEOs.
To save the banking system from collapse, the Central Bank (CBN) took over a number of institutions and spent billions saving others.
According to Quartz, in addition, criminal charges were laid against five CEOs for offences which included fraud, market manipulation, concealment and grant of credit facilities without adequate security.
Only one case has been prosecuted successfully. The others appear to be stuck in an unending cycle of dismissals, appeals and re-trials.
The bank saga and the failure to bring the bank executives to justice underscore the fact that the Nigerian justice system isn’t working.
Quartz, said that the problems – the subject of a great deal of discussion – range from judicial corruption to a lack of judicial independence to delays in the justice system.
The cases of the bank executives provide a useful case study through which to examine the weaknesses of the Nigerian judicial system.
These include the capability of prosecutors and the ability of the court system, including judges, to actually bring cases to fruition. This is particularly true in corporate cases which are often difficult to prosecute under the criminal law.
Judicial Corruption
According to Quartz, the fact that Nigeria has a number of corrupt judges is common knowledge in the country. Over the years, there have been various allegations of corruption in the judiciary.
In 2013, two High Court judges were suspended and recommended for retirement by the National Judicial Council for misconduct bordering on corruption.
Similarly, in 2016, a raid carried out by the Department of State Services revealed that cash worth USD$800,000 had been found in the homes of senior judges suspected of corruption.
Judicial corruption reduces public confidence in the country’s justice system. This means that suspected incidents of directors’ misconducts are less likely to be reported given the prevailing belief that justice is unlikely to be served.
Similarly, it can affect the attitude of investigators and prosecutors who might have less incentive to investigate and prosecute cases diligently.
While it would clearly be an exaggeration to accuse all judges in Nigeria of corruption, it is reasonable to conclude that corruption remains a problem. But since none of the judges involved in the trial of the bank executives have been accused of corruption, it’s necessary to look to other causes for the failure to bring the bank executives to book.
Judicial delays
One of the main problems in the bank executive cases has been endless delays in the judicial process. The trials’ time line tells the story.
Godwin Emefiele, CBN Gov
Criminal proceedings started in 2009. About six years later, in 2015, the Court of Appeal struck down the case against two of the executives on the basis of lack of jurisdiction of the trial court.
A declaration of lack of jurisdiction means that the court lacks the power to try the particular case. In itself this isn’t a bad development. After all, compliance with relevant rules on jurisdiction is essential to ensuring justice is done. But the fact that it took six years for this decision to be reached highlights severe delays in Nigeria’s court system.
Following the Court of Appeal’s decision, the High Court, in deference to the superior court, dismissed the pending case against the third bank executive.
In another turn of events, a year later, in 2016, the Supreme Court overturned the Court of Appeal’s decision and ordered a re-trial of the bank executives. This meant that, nearly 10 years after the initial trial, a fresh trial was started, and with it room for further appeals.
There is currently no end in view. While appeals and cross appeals are inevitable parts of litigation, the lengthy time spent on them is not.
This delay has been attributed to several factors. Initially, the trials suffered from several unwarranted adjournments at the request of the defence lawyers.
Another weak spot has been the prosecuting authority. The unit responsible for prosecuting these kinds of cases, The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission, has been severely criticised for its inefficiencies.
To worsen the problem, the trial judges were changed several times. One judge was elevated to the Court of Appeal while a few others were transferred to different divisions of the court leading to a fresh trial each time.
These issues significantly delayed trial proceedings.
Potential inequality
Another question to consider is whether the failure to successfully prosecute the directors is a reflection of the difference in the treatment of high-profile offenders versus ordinary Nigerians.
Cecilia Ibru, the only bank executive who was convicted, was sentenced to just six months in prison and required to forfeit shares and other assets worth over USD$1.2 billion.
Compare this with the case of David Olugboyega, an armed thief, who was sentenced to death after being found guilty of a £50 robbery.
Granted that armed robbery carries the death penalty, however, it seems that carting away millions of money should attract a stiffer penalty.
In addition, rich offenders can afford well skilled lawyers who can devise different strategies to delay, or prevent, successful prosecution. Poor offenders don’t have this benefit.
The ConversationThe recently introduced Administration of Criminal Justice Act of 2015, which aims to promote speedy dispensation of justice, promises to improve the situation. Time will tell.
E-Financial
Binance Hits 250m Users, Eyes for Billion in 2025
In a remarkable display of resilience and growth, Binance, the world’s largest cryptocurrency exchange, has announced it now boasts a user base of 250 million, inching closer to its ambitious target of 1 billion users.
This news reflects significant growth for the platform, especially considering the challenges it faced in recent years.
In a celebratory post on X, Richard Teng, Binance’s CEO, shared his enthusiasm: “What a year. We’ve hit an incredible milestone of a quarter billion users. A huge thank you to our amazing community for making this possible. Together, we’re one step closer to our vision of onboarding 1 billion users. Here’s to an even bigger 2025.”
The platform’s growth is further highlighted by the staggering $22.6 billion in user deposits in 2024, surpassing the combined deposit figures of the top 10 other crypto exchanges.
Additionally, Binance became the first centralized platform to hit $100 trillion in lifetime trading volumes, cementing its position as a market leader.
The journey to this milestone was not without its hurdles. Late in 2023, Binance faced significant legal challenges, culminating in a $4.3 billion fine from the U.S. government for money laundering and sanctions violations.
The fallout saw the resignation of its founder, Changpeng Zhao (CZ), who also served time in prison. He is now out of prison and working towards educating the world about crypto.
In Nigeria, Binance encountered regulatory friction, culminating in the arrest of two Binance employees in early 2024, accused of money laundering and tax evasion.
However, after months of legal proceedings, one of the detained executives, Tigran Gambaryan, was recently released following the Nigerian government dropping the money laundering charges against him, signalling a potential easing of tensions.
In India, Binance has navigated through regulatory scrutiny, particularly around compliance with local banking systems and law enforcement.
The Indian government has been cautious about cryptocurrencies, leading to a ban on Binance’s operations without proper verification and compliance.
However, Binance has now secured approval from India’s Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU), allowing it to legally operate in the country once again.
This approval marks a significant step towards re-establishing its presence in one of the world’s largest potential markets for cryptocurrency.
E-Financial
CBN, SEC Approve FCMB Group’s N147bn Rights Offer
In a move to meet the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) new capital requirement, FCMB Group Plc, yesterday announced that it has successfully completed its public offer and raised about N147.5 billion from investing public.
The Group in a statement on the floor of the Nigerian Exchange Limited (NGX) stated N144.56 billion was absorbed through the issuance of 19,802,710,781 ordinary shares at N7.30 per share bringing total post-offer issued shares to 39,605,421,562 shares.
It added that the public offer was oversubscribed by 33 per cent amid high demand from investors.
The financial institution announced the completion of its public offer, following the approvals of the CBN and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
FCMB Group had issued 15,197,282,219 ordinary shares of 50 kobo each at N7.30 per ordinary share of N0.50kobo each to old and new investors.
The Company Secretary, FCMB Group, Mrs. Olufunmilayo Adedibu in a statement stated that the offer was oversubscribed by 33per cent, attracting 42,800 investors with 92per cent subscribing via more convenient digital channels such as the bank’s mobile app and ushering in over 39,000 new investors to the FCMB Group.
She said, “the total amount raised and verified by the regulatory authorities is N147,508,464,568.60 and N144,559,788,701.30 was absorbed through the issuance of 19,802,710,781 ordinary shares at N7.30 per share bringing total post-offer issued shares to 39,605,421,562 shares. Regulatory approvals have also been received to downstream the net proceeds of the public offer from the holding company to the banking subsidiary.
“This raises the paid-up share capital and share premium, being the eligible capital base as per CBN’s recapitalization criteria, of the banking subsidiary, First City Monument Bank Limited, to over N240 billion, which exceeds the minimum requirement for a national banking license.
“Subsequent phases (2 & 3) of FCMB Group’s capital program, which are currently underway, are aimed at ensuring First City Monument Bank Limited meets the minimum capital requirement to retain its international banking license in line with its vision to be a global financial services group of African origin, renowned for leadership in its chosen markets.
Commenting on the successful completion of the public offer, Mr. Ladi Balogun, the Group Chief Executive, FCMB Group, in a statement said, ““We are grateful to our existing shareholders and new investors for coming out strongly to support this offer.
“The success of the public offer reflects significant investor confidence in our strategy and growth potential, as well as trust in the board, leadership and our people to fulfill our commitments and realize this potential.
“We also extend our profound appreciation to the CBN, the SEC and the NGX for their continued foresight, innovation, guidance and support which has been instrumental in achieving this significant milestone.
“This marks an important step forward in our journey to unlock new opportunities, create value for our shareholders, and contribute to the economic growth of Nigeria and Africa. We remain committed to executing the subsequent phases of our capital-raising program in 2025.
E-Financial
Verve International Achieves 70 Million Payment Cards Milestone in Nigeria
Verve International, Africa’s pioneering and largest domestic payments scheme, has announced a significant new milestone, further solidifying its market dominance in Nigeria.
The company has now issued over 70 million payment cards in Nigeria, Africa’s largest consumer market.
This achievement comes just 15 months after Verve celebrated issuing 50 million cards, marking a remarkable 40% year-on-year growth in issuance volumes.
In recent years, Verve has become the preferred payment card across various banking services, especially within Nigeria’s burgeoning fintech and neobank sectors.
This success is attributed to Verve’s continuous innovation, deep understanding of local market needs, and strategic partnerships with commercial banks, microfinance institutions, fintech companies, other financial institutions (OFIs), and the public sector.
As Africa’s leading domestic payment card scheme, Verve is dedicated to addressing unique market challenges by offering secure and cost-effective payment solutions for individuals and businesses.
Verve provides both virtual and physical cards, enabling payments for a growing number of international services in local currency.
Over the past three years, Verve has achieved significant progress, securing merchant acceptance with global platforms such as Google, Spotify, Netflix, Showmax, Amazon Prime, Facebook, Microsoft, Uber, and Flywire.
These partnerships underscore Verve’s commitment to providing African users with convenient access to global services in local denominations.
Beyond Nigeria, Verve cardholders can use their cards in over 21 other African countries, ensuring seamless transactions across the continent.
Verve’s expanding partnerships in East Africa, including major financial institutions like KCB Group and Equity Bank, as well as a growing network of savings and credit societies (SACCOs) in Kenya and Uganda, highlight the company’s dedication to driving value and efficiency for African financial institutions.
Vincent Ogbunude, CEO of Verve International, expressed his excitement about this latest milestone, stating, “At Verve International, we continue to deliver global-standard payment solutions tailored to the economic and operational realities of African markets.
“We are delighted to celebrate this phenomenal achievement of adding 20 million new payment cards in Nigeria.
“We are grateful to our issuing partners and loyal cardholders for their support.”
Recently, Verve launched the fifth edition of its Goodlife National Consumer Promo, a reward program designed to engage and reward its millions of cardholders.
Running from August 15 to December 31, 2024, the promo offers instant discounts and rewards at selected merchants and retail outlets across Nigeria, including NNPC Retail Limited, Addide, The Place, Sweet Sensation, and Chowdeck.
As a subsidiary of the Interswitch Group, Africa’s leading integrated digital payments and commerce enabler, Verve International remains committed to pushing the boundaries of customer experience and payment possibilities.
Verve cards are trusted for their safety, convenience, and reliability, and can be used across a wide range of payment channels, including Point of Sale (POS) terminals, Automated Teller Machines (ATMs), agency banking channels, web/e-commerce, and mobile apps.
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