E-Financial
Policy, Regulation Should Bolster Innovation To Ensure Financial Inclusion Is Achieved
By Daniel Monehin
Walk through bustling marketplaces in Africa and you will see a substantial amount of money changing hands, as merchants and consumers haggle over the goods and services. What stands out is just how many of these transactions are conducted using cash, and the reason for this is because most people don’t believe they have any other pragmatic option.
There is a large number of unbanked or underbanked people on the continent, and so many individuals that don’t save or have a financial history with a formal financial institution and are therefore found on the fringes of financial services – where most transactions are carried out with cash. What this typically creates is a vicious cycle that serves to prevent most of these individuals from accessing critical financial services to better manage their finances, grow their businesses or protect themselves against eventualities.
Financial inclusion remains a challenge, particularly in developing countries. Only just over 30 percent of Sub-Saharan Africans, for instance, have any formal account. There is a collective focus by both the private and public sector on the need to find ways to bring greater numbers of people into the financial mainstream and improve their livelihoods.
One of the areas that has the greatest potential to narrow the margin of exclusion is policy and regulations. Policy surrounding financial inclusion has garnered considerable attention in the last few years, as the importance of inclusion has been aligned with financial integrity, stability and literacy.
Policy makers face the ultimate juggling act as regulatory frameworks and policies need to find the balance between providing the necessary support that will bring citizens into the formal financial fold while simultaneously ensuring that these requirements do not discourage access to critical financial services by stifling individuals’ abilities to transact.
What is clear is that it is simply impossible to make tangible progress by working in isolation. It takes collaboration between players in both the public and private sectors to bring their specific area of expertise to the table with the view to develop holistic strategies and policies that will enable inclusion.
The good news is that industry stakeholders across the board have largely realised this and joined forces through organisations like the Alliance for Financial Inclusion (AFI) to share knowledge and engage to formulate and implement these policies. AFI is led by its members, comprising mainly financial regulatory institutions such as Central Banks, superintendence’s and Ministries of Finance from developing countries. The network currently includes members from 94 countries working together to accelerate the adoption of proven and innovative financial inclusion policy solutions with the ultimate aim of making financial services more accessible to the world’s unbanked. Mastercard is a proud member of AFI and continues to collaborate to ensure open dialogue with focus on building a strong network where solutions can be found.
What has made these platforms so impactful is that the regulators and policy makers understand the unique African context and have been formulating policy solutions that speak to this. Advancing financial inclusion through digital financial services, for example, has been a top priority and continues to dominate the agenda because of the role that mobile money, new tech and innovation are playing in allowing Africans to pay for goods and services safely and easily.
Although mobile money is a global disruptor, its impact has been especially noticeable in Africa, where mobile penetration continues to grow and where it has already proven to be a game changer in terms of providing affordable financial services.
Using a tool that people already hold in their hands means that more people can be connected to an interoperable financial ecosystem at a fraction of the cost – backing this up is the fact that there are nearly 280 million registered mobile money accounts in Sub-Saharan Africa, compared to 178 million bank accounts.
As such, driving policy that supports mobile-based payments as a critical enabler will remain a core focus going forward. But even with mobile and digital finance recognised as an answer of sorts to facilitating financial inclusion, that is only half the battle. There needs to be continuous innovation and advancement in this space to ensure that all Africans have the opportunity to be financially included – and the answer lies in collaboration across the public and private sectors to leverage each other’s strengths.
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has urged Nigerians to report any suspected illegal investment schemes to the commission for proper investigation and necessary action.
This is in the light of the recent collapse of Crypto Bridge Exchange (CBEX).
The Commission issued a notice on Thursday to the investing public, warning that Ponzi investment schemes pose a significant danger to the growth of the capital market.
In its latest advisory, the Commission highlighted the growing threats and risks posed by Ponzi schemes, illegal investment operations, and unregistered digital asset platforms.
It explained that fraudulent entities and individuals continue to exploit unsuspecting investors with deceptive promises of high returns, often leveraging the allure of digital assets to create a false sense of legitimacy.
“The public is strongly advised to be wary of investment opportunities that promise guaranteed or unusually high returns with little or no risk.
“These include unregistered platforms offering cryptocurrency investments, forex trading, or blockchain-based schemes, without undergoing the prescribed processes to obtain prior approval from the SEC.
“The SEC reiterates in this regard that, ‘If it sounds too good to be true, it likely is.’”
The Commission urged potential investors to conduct thorough due diligence before investing and to verify the registration status of the company or individual offering the investment through the SEC’s website.
The Commission explained that Section 196(3) of the Investments and Securities Act, 2025, criminalizes the promotion and operation of prohibited or unregistered schemes.
“This violation is punishable, upon conviction, by a fine of not less than ₦20 million or a prison term of 10 years, or both,” the Commission warned.
The SEC stated that it is fully committed to identifying and prosecuting offenders to the full extent of the law.
“We encourage the public to partner with the SEC to safeguard the integrity of the investment environment in Nigeria by promptly reporting suspected illegal investment schemes to the SEC,” the notice concluded.
The Nigerian federal government announced that the Electronic Money Transfer Levy (EMTL) generated $49.5 million in revenue, with fintech companies contributing $18 million.
This fund, as reported by the Federation Account Allocation Committee, is a considerable 56.80 percent increase over the $31.6 million earned during the same period in 2024.
Previously, the charge mainly affected established banking institutions. However, fintech firms have been included because they have contributed a phenomenal 2,507.94 percent growth in transaction values since 2020.
The EMTL is part of the government’s attempt to regulate the booming fintech sector, which completed transactions worth $29 billion in 2023 and $49.3 billion in 2024.
The EMTL was created by the Finance Act 2020 as an amendment to the Stamp Duty Act. It charges $0.03 (N50) for electronic transactions of $6.19 (N10,000) or more made through banks and financial institutions.
This tax seeks to capitalise on the increasing expansion of electronic payments, which will exceed $619.70 billion in total transactions by 2024.
In response to the burgeoning fintech sector, the government has increased its tax base, with annual EMTL collections expected to increase by 31.35 percent.
According to the Medium Term Fiscal Framework for 2025-2027, the federal government expects EMTL revenue to reach $142 million in 2025, up from $108 million in 2024.
However, industry experts have expressed concern about the potential impact of additional taxes on users.
Amid mounting macroeconomic uncertainty, Nigerians are leaning heavily towards savings and low-risk financial instruments, with recent data from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) showing a marked increase in quasi-money holdings.
Quasi-money are assets that are easily and quickly convertible into cash. They are considered to be close substitutes for cash in the economy.
According to the CBN’s Money and Credit Statistics for March 2025, quasi-money, comprising savings deposits, fixed-term deposits and other liquid but non-transactional assets, rose to N75.65 trillion, representing a 3.65 per cent month-on-month (m/m) increase and a 26.42 per cent rise year-on-year, up from N59.84 trillion in March 2024.
The surge highlights a growing preference for capital preservation, as households and businesses seek refuge in interest-bearing instruments amid Nigeria’s ongoing economic slowdown.
“The rising volume of quasi money reflects both a cautious approach to spending and increasing trust in formal financial institutions,” said a senior analyst at Vetiva Capital. “It’s a defensive strategy by savers who are navigating inflationary pressures and volatile market conditions.”
The CBN has maintained a tight monetary policy for over a year, with high interest rates designed to tame inflation. This stance has made fixed-income securities, such as treasury bills and term deposits, especially attractive to investors.
In January 2025, the CBN’s auction for 364-day treasury bills saw an oversubscription of N1.47 trillion, with stop rates reaching 22.6 per cent. By mid-February, total subscriptions across tenors remained strong at N2.41 trillion, underlining sustained demand for secure, high-yield instruments.
The data also reveals that broad money supply (M2) grew to N114.20 trillion in March 2025, a 23.69 per cent increase year-on-year, with quasi money continuing to dominate M2 composition. Meanwhile, demand deposits rose to N33.96 trillion, up 17.65 per cent from the same period last year, while currency outside banks jumped 26.72 per cent to N4.59 trillion.
The central bank also reported mixed trends in domestic credit: Net domestic credit rose 12.47 per cent year-on-year to N103.37 trillion, though it dipped 1.20 per cent month-on-month.
Credit to the government grew 31.99 per cent to N25.86 trillion year-on-year but fell 4.63 per cent in March, suggesting a brief pause in government borrowing whilst private sector credit growth remained modest at 7.10 per cent pointing to conservative lending practices and subdued appetite for new debt in the real economy.
Analysts say the quasi-money uptick reflects a broader trend of financial system deepening, driven by digitization and formal banking efforts. The rise in savings could, over time, translate into stronger capital pools for lending, once macroeconomic stability returns.
While the flight to safety is a rational response to uncertainty, experts warn that over-reliance on fixed-income assets could limit economic dynamism in the long term.
However, for now, Nigeria’s financial landscape suggests that stability, not speculation, is the dominant mood among savers and investors.
EFCC Secures Arrest Warrant for Six CBEX Promoters
FBI Sends Team to Nigeria to Track Down ‘Sextortion’ Scammers
Report Suspected Illegal Investment Schemes to SEC
Fintechs Add $18m to New Tax Initiative
ALX Nigeria Launches 2025 Ventures Incubator, Premieres Pan-African “Do Hard Things” Finale
Telecom3 days agoNigeria Hits 1 Terabit Internet Traffic Milestone
E-Financial3 days agoFCMB Capital Markets Leads ₦11.85bn GLNG Bond for LNG Plant Expansion
General News3 days agoFG to Introduce New Tax Credit Scheme to Replace Pioneer Status Incentive
Telecom3 days agoMTN Nigeria Faces Class Action Lawsuit over Alleged Data Mismanagement
News3 days agoIMF Downgrades Nigeria’s Economic Growth Forecast Amid Oil Price Decline
E-Business20 hours agoALX Nigeria Launches 2025 Ventures Incubator, Premieres Pan-African “Do Hard Things” Finale
News3 days agoNITDA Fixes Date for Inaugural Meeting of the Startup Consultative Forum
E-Financial2 days agoUnion Bank’s Edu360 Initiative Scores Big for Nigerian Football Development