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Right To Privacy? Nigeria Needs A Data Protection Law

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By ‘Gbenga Sesan

“The privacy of citizens, their homes, correspondence, telephone conversations and telegraphic communications is hereby guaranteed and protected.” – Section 37 of the Nigerian constitution.

Nigeria’s constitutional promise of data protection is far from being fulfilled. This is especially true for transactions involving the transfer of personal data from individuals to governments and businesses. Despite the increasingly important role that data plays as the currency of the country’s emerging digital economy, Nigeria does not have a Data Privacy or Data Protection law.

Even though Nigeria lacks a robust data management infrastructure, several government agencies and sector regulators collect citizens’ private data with little respect for their rights.

Not only is the same data collected by different agencies, citizens have little control over what is collected, how it is used and have no clear course of action should their data be abused.

The Nigerian Communications Commission, Independent National Electoral Commission, Nigerian Immigration Service, Central Bank of Nigeria, National Identity Management Commission, Federal Road Safety Corps, and other bodies routinely collect or oversee the collection of biometric and other data in their respective silos.

Unfortunately, the conversation around the need to harmonize such sensitive data remains just that — a conversation. Various legislative proposals that could protect people’s data are making little progress, exposing citizens to the real risk of data disasters.

Sensitive data including email addresses and phone numbers are frequently advertised for sale online. In one recent case, information of registered voters appeared online following a data breach. In an equally worrying example, sensitive health data processed by a bank on behalf of a hospital was made available online.

In another case, laptops were sold still holding subscriber information that was captured during the SIM card registration process. In all of these breaches, the lack of a clear data protection law meant that those responsible for handling the data were not held accountable.

However, there is hope for better data control and protection in Nigeria. Various government agencies recently resumed discussions on duplicate data collection, control and use. In addition, a Data Protection Bill passed by the House of Representatives is now being considered by the Senate.

The Digital Rights and Freedom Bill, that has made good progress in the House of Representatives, also has a section on data and information privacy. Clearly, the problem we face is not lack of proposals but lack of follow-through.

The National Identity Management Commission, responsible for the management of citizen data, must work with other agencies and stakeholders to secure the appropriate legislative environment that Nigeria needs for personal data protection and privacy. Citizens, who are new to the concept of data ownership, need to be made aware of their rights — including the proposals that could soon become the law of the land.

Until a robust, enforceable law is in place, Nigerian citizens will continue to be denied the protections that their constitution grants them.

‘Gbenga Sesan is the Executive Director of Paradigm Initiative


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E-Business

FG Shifting Focus to “Meaningful Connectivity” to Drive Inclusion  – Minister

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Bosun Tijani, minister of Communications, Innovation and Digital Economy, has said the government is shifting focus from expanding access to ensuring “meaningful connectivity” that drives economic growth and inclusion.

FG Shifting Focus to “Meaningful Connectivity” to Drive Inclusion  - Minister

Bosun Tijani, minister of Communications, Innovation and Digital Economy

The minister made the statement on Friday while addressing stakeholders at the inauguration of board members of the Universal Service Provision Fund (USPF) in Abuja.

He said that although Nigeria had made significant progress since the introduction of GSM services, millions of people, particularly in rural and underserved communities, remain either unconnected or unable to fully benefit from digital services.

Dr Tijani highlighted ongoing investments in digital infrastructure, including plans to deploy 90,000 kilometres of fibre optic network and nearly 4,000 telecom towers nationwide.

He said initiatives under the USPF had improved access through projects such as rural connectivity and digital facilities in schools but stressed that the next phase must prioritise effective usage.

“It is not enough to connect a community. We must ensure that schools can teach with digital tools and that small businesses can access market opportunities,” he said, citing a pilot project in the Kura community where connectivity has enhanced access to communication, education and healthcare.

Aminu Maida, executive vice chairman, Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) also called for a shift towards meaningful connectivity, noting that while data usage had grown significantly, it remained concentrated in urban areas.

According to him, recent data shows that telecom usage has increased by about 160% over the past two years, largely driven by urban demand.

“When we drill down, we see that a lot of that growth is actually in urban centres. So, the gap between those who are not connected or not meaningfully connected is growing,” he said.

Dr Maida added that the trend underscored the need for the USPF board to intensify efforts to bridge both access and usage gaps across the country.

Both officials emphasised the importance of collaboration, sustainable investment models and improved digital literacy to ensure that connectivity translates into real economic benefits for Nigerians.

 

 


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Jury Finds Meta, Google Liable for Woman’s Social Media Addiction

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A jury in Los Angeles has found technology companies, Meta and Google liable for contributing to a young woman’s social media addiction, in a case being described as a landmark ruling.

Jury Finds Meta, Google Liable for Woman’s Social Media Addiction

The 20-year-old woman, identified only as Kaley, argued that she became addicted to Google’s YouTube and Meta’s Instagram from an early age due to their attention-driven design features.

According to her testimony, she began using YouTube at the age of six after downloading the app on her iPod Touch to watch videos about lip gloss and online games.

Kaley told the court that she joined Instagram at nine, bypassing parental restrictions put in place by her mother, and spent extended periods on social media.

The trial, which lasted about a month, with arguments and evidence from both sides.

Jurors also heard testimony from Mark Zuckerberg, chief executive, Meta and Adam Mosseri, Instagram head.

However, Neal Mohan, YouTube chief executive, did not testify.

The jury found that the companies were negligent in the design of their platforms and failed to adequately warn users about potential harms. Meta and Google were ordered to pay the woman $3 million in damages.

Jurors also recommended additional punitive damages, including $900,000 against YouTube and $2.1 million against Meta, according to company spokespersons.

The jury apportioned 70 per cent of the responsibility to Meta and 30 per cent to YouTube.

Kaley was present in the courtroom when the verdict was delivered, alongside parents of other teenagers who say they were harmed by social media use. Both companies said they plan to appeal the decision.

“We respectfully disagree with the verdict and will appeal. Teen mental health is profoundly complex and cannot be linked to a single app. We will continue to defend ourselves vigorously as every case is different, and we remain confident in our record of protecting teens online”, a Meta spokesperson said.

José Castañeda, Google spokesperson, said the case misunderstands YouTube, which is a responsibly built streaming platform, not a social media site.


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Nigeria, Finland Sign Cybersecurity Pact

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Nigeria and Finland have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on digitalisation and innovation, prioritising stronger cybersecurity cooperation amid a surge in cyberattacks targeting Nigerian institutions.

The agreement was formalised in Abuja on Monday between Dr Bosun Tijani, Nigeria’s minister of communications, innovation and digital economy, and Jarno Syrjälä, Finland’s under-secretary of state for international trade.

The MoU focuses on cooperation in digital governance, technology infrastructure, and cybersecurity to drive economic growth and improve public services, says a statement issued on Monday by Isime Esene, special assistant to the minister.

The agreement is a significant step in strengthening bilateral relations and advancing Nigeria’s digital economy agenda, says Tijani.

He notes the MoU builds on engagements in Helsinki in February, which centred on Nigeria’s Data Exchange Platform and Finnish participation in Project BRIDGE (Building Resilient Infrastructure for Digital Growth and Empowerment).

The talks also involved key Finnish finance institutions, including Finnvera and Finnfund.

The partnership is expected to unlock new opportunities for innovation and investment, positioning digital technology as a catalyst for shared prosperity, says Tijani.

Finland is committed to supporting the development of resilient, secure, and human-centric digital systems in Nigeria, says Syrjälä. He adds that digitalisation should enhance public trust and empower citizens, noting that Nigeria remains a strategic partner for Finland in Africa.

The agreement complements Finland’s lead role in a €23 million Team Europe Initiative aimed at strengthening Nigeria’s digital public services.

This programme is implemented by Finland’s development agency, HAUS, in collaboration with Estonia’s ESTDEV, and supports the 3 Million Technical Talent (3MTT) programme.

The deal comes as Nigerian organisations record the highest number of cyberattacks in Africa. In January 2026, organisations experienced an average of 4 701 attacks per week, a 12% year-on-year increase, according to Check Point Research.

In response, authorities are developing the 2026 National Cybersecurity Policy and Strategy update.

Expected later this year, the framework will mandate minimum cybersecurity investment requirements for organisations operating critical national information infrastructure, notes the ministry.


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