E-Financial
SERAP Drags CBN to Court over ATM Fee Hike
Socio-Economic Rights and Accountability Project (SERAP) has filed a lawsuit against the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) over the failure to reverse the increase in Automated Teller Machine (ATM) transaction fees.
The CBN had recently announced that ATM withdrawals made at a machine owned by a bank but outside its branch premises will now attract a charge of N100 per N20,000 withdrawn.
ATM withdrawals at shopping centres, airports or standalone cash points, will incur a N100 fee plus a surcharge of up to N500 per N20,000 withdrawal.
This was contained in a signed by Kolawole Oluwadare, deputy director, SERAP, saying the increase creates a two-tiered financial system that discriminates against poor Nigerians who may not be able to afford it.
In the suit number FHC/L/CS/344/2025 filed last Friday at the Federal High Court, Lagos, SERAP is asking the court to determine “whether the decision by the CBN to increase ATM transaction fees is not arbitrary, unfair, unreasonable, and contrary to the provisions of the Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Act 2018.”
SERAP is asking the court for “a declaration that the decision by the CBN to increase ATM transaction fees is arbitrary, unfair, unreasonable and contrary to the provisions of sections 1(c) and (d), 104, 105 and 127(1) of the Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Act 2018, which is binding on the CBN.”
SERAP is seeking “an order of interim injunction restraining the CBN, its officers, agents, associates or any other persons acting on its directive or instructions from enforcing and giving effect to the decision, pending the hearing and determination of the motion on notice for an order of interlocutory injunction filed in this suit.”
In the suit, SERAP is arguing that: “The increase cannot be justified under the Nigerian Constitution 1999 [as amended], the CBN Act, Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Act, and the country’s international human rights obligations.”
SERAP is also arguing that, “The increase creates a two-tiered financial system that discriminates against poor Nigerians who may not be able to afford or pay the increased ATM fees.”
According to SERAP, “The patently unlawful, unfair, unreasonable and unjust increase in ATM transaction fees also inherently contributes to violations of the human rights of socially and economically Nigerians.”
The suit filed on behalf of SERAP by its lawyers Oluwadare and Andrew Nwankwo, read in part: “The CBN is compromising its stated mission to advance the management of the country’s economy, and ultimately, sustainable development.”
“The CBN is also failing to comply with the Nigerian Constitution, the Federal Competition and Consumer Protection Act and the country’s international human rights obligations in the exercise of its statutory powers and functions.”
“The increase in ATM transaction fees ought to have been shouldered by wealthy banks and their shareholders, not the general public.”
“CBN policies should not be skewed against poor Nigerians and heavily in favour of banks that continue to declare trillions of naira in profits mostly at the expense of their customers. The increase in ATM transaction fees would inflict misery on poor Nigerians and contribute to human rights abuses.”
“Imposing exorbitant ATM transaction fees on socially and economically vulnerable Nigerians at a time several Nigerian banks are declaring trillions of naira in profits yearly is manifestly unfair, unreasonable and unjust.”
The World Bank has predicted that Nigeria may likely see a rise in the levels of poverty over the next two years despite a moderate economic growth forecast.
The multilateral lender noted that while non-resource-rich countries are expected to continue reducing poverty and grow faster, resource-rich countries like Nigeria may drag due to declining oil prices.
”Resource-rich countries are expected to see less progress in terms of poverty reduction,” the World Bank said in its Africa Pulse report titled ‘Improving Governance and Delivering for People in Africa’.
“Importantly, poverty in resource-rich, fragile countries (which include large countries like the Democratic Republic of Congo and Nigeria) is expected to increase by 3.6 percentage points over 2022–27,” it added.
The Nigerian government has in the past two years provided various safety nets to ease the burden of the citizens, but these, on their own, may not be enough to lift millions off the poverty line.
The reforms which were implemented some 20 months ago, though came with a plethora of gains such as allowing the economy to be market-driven rather than artificial pegging, it’s nonetheless exacerbated poverty with the numbers rising from 104 million to 129 million people in a year.
According to the World Bank, Nigeria accounts for 19 percent of the share of poverty in Sub-Saharan Africa, followed by Congo, Ethiopia and Sudan with 14 percent, 9 percent and 6 percent respectively.
But despite the growing poverty, the Washington-based lender expects Africa’s most populous nation annual GDP to increase 3.6 percent in 2025 and 3.8 percent in two years. “Economic growth is expected to remain moderate in Nigeria,” the World Bank said.
“It is expected to increase from 3.4 percent in 2024 to 3.6 percent in 2025, and slightly increase to 3.8 percent in 2026–2027.”
According to the World Bank, the gradual recovery of the Nigerian economy along the forecast horizon is driven primarily by the service sector—specifically, finance, information and communications technology services, and transportation—and, to a lesser extent, a rebound in oil production that converges to its OPEC+ quota.
The World Bank’s projection is relatively higher than the International Monetary Fund (IMF) revised forecast for the nation.
IMF cuts Nigeria’s 2025 economic growth forecast downward to 3.0 percent from the earlier projection of 3.4 percent in 2024, citing weakening oil supply and escalating global trade tensions.
The two projections are however largely lower than Nigeria’s ambitious projected annual GDP growth of 4.6 percent outlined in the 2025 budget.
According to Adetilewa Adebajo, investment banker and economist Nigeria must intensify efforts towards economic diversification, infrastructure development, and asset optimisation to stimulate economic growth and attract global investments
“Sale of oil and gas JV assets to optimise equity within the FGN capital structure and balance sheet are crucial for Nigeria’s path towards sustainable development.
“Deliberate Investment projects such as the Agro Airport development and Olokola deep sea port, in Ogun State, major infrastructure projects led by companies like Arise and Dangote, need to be replicated nationwide,” Adebajo said.
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has urged Nigerians to report any suspected illegal investment schemes to the commission for proper investigation and necessary action.
This is in the light of the recent collapse of Crypto Bridge Exchange (CBEX).
The Commission issued a notice on Thursday to the investing public, warning that Ponzi investment schemes pose a significant danger to the growth of the capital market.
In its latest advisory, the Commission highlighted the growing threats and risks posed by Ponzi schemes, illegal investment operations, and unregistered digital asset platforms.
It explained that fraudulent entities and individuals continue to exploit unsuspecting investors with deceptive promises of high returns, often leveraging the allure of digital assets to create a false sense of legitimacy.
“The public is strongly advised to be wary of investment opportunities that promise guaranteed or unusually high returns with little or no risk.
“These include unregistered platforms offering cryptocurrency investments, forex trading, or blockchain-based schemes, without undergoing the prescribed processes to obtain prior approval from the SEC.
“The SEC reiterates in this regard that, ‘If it sounds too good to be true, it likely is.’”
The Commission urged potential investors to conduct thorough due diligence before investing and to verify the registration status of the company or individual offering the investment through the SEC’s website.
The Commission explained that Section 196(3) of the Investments and Securities Act, 2025, criminalizes the promotion and operation of prohibited or unregistered schemes.
“This violation is punishable, upon conviction, by a fine of not less than ₦20 million or a prison term of 10 years, or both,” the Commission warned.
The SEC stated that it is fully committed to identifying and prosecuting offenders to the full extent of the law.
“We encourage the public to partner with the SEC to safeguard the integrity of the investment environment in Nigeria by promptly reporting suspected illegal investment schemes to the SEC,” the notice concluded.
The Nigerian federal government announced that the Electronic Money Transfer Levy (EMTL) generated $49.5 million in revenue, with fintech companies contributing $18 million.
This fund, as reported by the Federation Account Allocation Committee, is a considerable 56.80 percent increase over the $31.6 million earned during the same period in 2024.
Previously, the charge mainly affected established banking institutions. However, fintech firms have been included because they have contributed a phenomenal 2,507.94 percent growth in transaction values since 2020.
The EMTL is part of the government’s attempt to regulate the booming fintech sector, which completed transactions worth $29 billion in 2023 and $49.3 billion in 2024.
The EMTL was created by the Finance Act 2020 as an amendment to the Stamp Duty Act. It charges $0.03 (N50) for electronic transactions of $6.19 (N10,000) or more made through banks and financial institutions.
This tax seeks to capitalise on the increasing expansion of electronic payments, which will exceed $619.70 billion in total transactions by 2024.
In response to the burgeoning fintech sector, the government has increased its tax base, with annual EMTL collections expected to increase by 31.35 percent.
According to the Medium Term Fiscal Framework for 2025-2027, the federal government expects EMTL revenue to reach $142 million in 2025, up from $108 million in 2024.
However, industry experts have expressed concern about the potential impact of additional taxes on users.
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