E-Business
The Hanke’s Misery Index: How Africa’s Economic Challenges Are Holding Back the Continent Part 2

By Evans Woherem, Ph.D
- Economic Challenges in Angola, Ghana, and Other African Nations
The 2022 HAMI rankings provide insights into the economic challenges faced by Angola, Ghana, and several other African countries. Angola is ranked 13th with a HAMI score of 93.518, struggling with a high unemployment rate of 29.6%, an inflation rate of 13.9%, and a bank lending rate of 20.118%. Similarly, Ghana holds the 15th position on the Misery Index, burdened by an alarming inflation rate of 54.1% and achieving an index score of 86.8.
These challenges are not unique to Angola and Ghana. Many other African nations also grapple with significant economic hurdles. South Africa, positioned 16th on the Misery Index, records an index score of 83.492 primarily due to high unemployment rates. Rwanda, ranked 20th, achieves a score of 69.192 with inflation being a major contributing factor. Botswana, at the 21st spot, has an index score of 64.023 mainly influenced by elevated unemployment rates.
Moreover, countries such as Madagascar, Malawi, Eswatini, Gabon, Sao Tome and Principe, Congo (Brazzaville), Ethiopia, Libya, Namibia, Lesotho, Algeria, Nigeria, Tunisia, and Mauritania also face economic difficulties characterized by high unemployment rates, inflation, or lending rates.
The HAMI rankings shed light on the economic challenges experienced by various African countries, highlighting the need for targeted measures to address unemployment, inflation, and lending rates. It is crucial to alleviate the hardships endured by their populations.
The situations in Zimbabwe, Sudan, Niger, Togo, and other African nations serve as poignant reminders of the urgent need to tackle economic instability and implement effective policies across the continent.
Recognizing the profound impact of high inflation rates, unemployment, and other economic challenges on individuals’ well-being, it becomes imperative to prioritize sustainable development, job creation, and economic reforms. These steps are crucial for uplifting the lives of African citizens and ensuring a brighter and more prosperous future for all.
- Contrasting Happiness and Economic Struggles in Africa
It is indeed disconcerting to observe that four African countries—Zimbabwe, Sudan, Angola, and Ghana—are ranked among the top fifteen “most miserable” countries. However, it is worth noting the significant contrast that exists within the African continent. As evidenced by the 2022 HAMI, Niger and Togo were among the top ten “happiest” countries.
This striking disparity highlights the uneven progress made by different African nations in their pursuit of greater happiness and well-being. While some countries have made strides towards improving their conditions, many others continue to face substantial economic challenges, leading to a state of ongoing misery.
The varying experiences of African countries in terms of happiness and well-being underscore the need for concerted efforts to address the underlying economic factors that contribute to misery. By identifying and tackling these challenges head-on, African nations can work towards creating more equitable and prosperous societies for their citizens.
Root Causes of Economic Challenges in African Countries
The economic challenges faced by several African countries, as highlighted by the 2022 Hanke’s Annual Misery Index, are multifaceted and have far-reaching consequences for the well-being of their populations.
In this section, we will explore the root causes of these challenges and their impact on inflation, unemployment, and overall economic stability. By delving into distinct factors such as inflation rates and external factors, high unemployment rates and youth employment, and the influence of political instability, poor governance, and excessive lending rates, we can gain a comprehensive understanding of the complex economic landscape in African countries.
- Inflation and External Factors
Inflation rates have had a detrimental impact on several African countries, including Zimbabwe, Sudan, Angola, Ghana, Rwanda, Ethiopia, and Nigeria. These nations have witnessed significant inflation rates. For instance, Zimbabwe reached an alarming rate of 243.8% in 2022, while Sudan and Ghana faced rates of 176.1% and 54.1%, respectively. This high inflation has resulted in a decline in purchasing power, making it increasingly difficult for individuals and families to afford basic necessities.
A study conducted by the International Monetary Fund in 2022 highlights a significant increase in inflation across sub-Saharan Africa in recent years. This rise in inflation can primarily be attributed to external factors such as global food prices, oil prices, and disruptions in the supply chain. Despite the gradual recovery of domestic demand following the COVID-19 pandemic, its contribution has been insufficient to offset the effects of these escalating external factors.
- Unemployment and the Plight of African Youth
High unemployment rates pose a significant economic challenge in many African countries. For instance, Angola, with a misery index score of 93.518, and South Africa, scoring 83.492 on the index, have been grappling with substantial unemployment issues. In Botswana, Eswatini, Gabon, Sao Tome and Principe, Congo (Brazzaville), Libya, Nambia, Lesotho, Tunisia, and Mauritania, the index scores range from 45.4 to 64.023, indicating the prevalence of unemployment and its impact on their respective economies.
The situation becomes particularly alarming when considering the plight of young people in Africa. The African Development Bank highlights that youth unemployment in many African nations exceeds twice the rate of adults. This means that millions of young individuals struggle to secure employment, severely impacting their future prospects.
Former Zambian finance minister, Alexander Chikwanda, vividly described youth unemployment as a “ticking time bomb.” This analogy powerfully emphasizes the potential consequences of this issue. With an estimated 10-12 million young people entering Africa’s labor market each year, it is evident that youth unemployment demands urgent attention.
Beyond its economic implications, youth unemployment also carries serious security concerns. Nigerian journalist Ahmad Salkida highlights how militant groups like Boko Haram find it easy to recruit frustrated and unemployed young individuals. This underscores the imperative to address youth unemployment not only as an economic challenge but also as a preventive measure against security threats in the region.
- Political Instability, Poor Governance, and Excessive Lending Rates
Political instability, as witnessed in Sudan, exacerbates economic challenges. The recent war in Sudan resulted in loss of life and forced displacement of a significant portion of the population. Political conflicts disrupt economic activities, deter investment, and hamper the implementation of effective economic policies, further deepening the misery experienced by citizens. In 2023, West Africa faces heightened instability with recent coups in Burkina Faso, Guinea, and Mali, coinciding with ongoing conflicts in the Sahel and extending violence to previously peaceful areas like Benin and Togo.
Poor governance, as evidenced by low scores on governance indicators measured by the World Bank, exacerbates the situation, with political instability and violence, including terrorism, experiencing the most significant decline over the past two decades. These governance indicators, particularly instability, not only undermine peace and security but also have adverse effects on the region’s economic growth and development.
Instability brings political risk, which deters investors from the region, leading to minimal foreign direct investment and limited trade. Moreover, our analysis of World Bank data reveals that while West Africa’s GDP has grown at a compound annual rate of 4 % between 1990 and 2021, per-capita growth has been sluggish at just 1.3 % due to rapid population growth. These factors highlight the urgent need for stability, good governance, and effective measures to attract investment and foster sustainable economic growth in the region.
Excessive lending rates, such as those observed in Zimbabwe (131.8%) and Angola (20.118%), pose significant barriers to economic growth and development. These high rates make it difficult for individuals and businesses to access credit, hindering investment, entrepreneurship, and overall economic expansion. In Africa, interest rates play a crucial role in shaping economic growth and affecting access to basic needs.
While higher interest rates can indicate economic potential and stimulate investment, this is not always the case. Zimbabwe stands out with the world’s highest interest rate of 150%, making it the most expensive country to borrow money in. Ghana also faces challenges with high interest rates of 29.5%, reflecting efforts to curb inflation. Sudan, on the other hand, records a benchmark interest rate of 27.30%, attributed to various factors such as macroeconomic imbalances, structural deficiencies, political instability, and the impact of COVID-19. To ensure economic stability and growth, it is crucial to address lending rates and create an environment that fosters economic development.
Watch out for the concluding part
E-Business
Gov. Mbah Tasks Youths to Embrace Technology as Enugu Tech Festival Opens

The 2025 Enugu Tech Festival being organised by the Enugu State Government kicked off yesterday with the Minister of Communications, Innovation, and Digital Economy, Dr. Bosun Tijani, describing it as the biggest technology conference that has ever happened in Nigeria.
Tijani said the Tech Festival, which attracted thousands of youths from within and outside the state, was a major leap for Nigeria’s determination to build a robust digital economy, noting that Enugu State under Governor Peter Mbah, had moved from policy to progress to lead the tech revolution in Nigeria.
This was even as Governor Peter Mbah urged the youths to embrace technology, insisting that the future is technology.
Speaking, the Minister said that the Tech Festival, tagged Coal to Code, fitted into the agenda and activities of the Federal Ministry of Communications, Innovation and Digital Economy, having recognised that the future of digital economy in Nigeria would not only be built in Abuja, but would instead be co-created across all states.
“Enugu is showing how this should and will be done. I have never, never been to a conference on technology in Nigeria that is this big. I founded the first technology hub in Nigeria, the very first in Nigeria. So, I know a thing or two when technology people gather. I can assure you that today, you are part of history because we have never seen anything this big in Nigeria before.
“There is something powerful about your state: the energy, the ambition, the possibilities. Just two years ago, only a few people could imagine this kind of tech momentum. But today, Enugu has not just imagined, Enugu is building it. Under two years, we have seen investment in digital infrastructure, and the innovation ecosystem of the state.
“What is happening today in Enugu is part of something bigger. We are now witnessing a generational rise, not one where people complain and protest, but one where creativity is used to shape the future. Not just with passion, but with precision,” he stated.
While commending the participants for rising to “create the kind of Nigeria the world will pay attention to,” Tijani called for collaboration, commitment, and hard work by all stakeholders to make it happen.
“Progress is not automatic, but needs all of us. It needs the government to continue to be brave. It needs the private sector to invest deeper. It needs mentors, builders, teachers, and it needs leaders,” he concluded.
Speaking, Governor Mbah, while highlighting how his administration had invested in technology to dramatically revolutionise security, land administration, education, among others, noted that the Enugu Tech Festival was part of his government’s wider efforts to build the youth of the state into wealth creators and highly sought-after workforce of tomorrow’s workplace.
“The power of technology and innovation and what we can accomplish is something that I want the youths to be mindful of. If you look at the way things are being done in the world today, we are now talking about an era where people just sit down with great ideas, create platforms where they begin to essentially benefit from that platform.
“An example is the Uber that came and disrupted the city taxi without owning a key. Today, they provide by far the largest traffic just by creating a platform. You can extend that to Airbnb.
Without owning a key, these guys have disrupted the business of those who own several brick and mortar houses. You can also extend that to Tesla. That is the power of technology. This shows essentially that technology is where the future is,” he emphasised.
In his remark, the Commissioner for Innovation, Science and Technology, Dr. Lawrence Ezeh, said the Enugu Tech Festival, which would now become an annual event, underscored a paradigm shift from the old Enugu known for coal to one that has become a rising force in Nigeria’s tech-driven future, a beacon of innovation, intellectual capital, digital enterprise, and endless possibilities.
“For decades, our identity was built on coal, a resource that powered Nigeria’s industrial rise. But today, we stand in a different kind of power—the power of knowledge, innovation, and technology,” he stated.
Also at the event were the Minister of Youth Development, Ayodele Olawande; Speaker, Enugu State House of Assembly, Hon. Uchenna Ugwu; former Minister of Science and Technology, Prof. Barth Nnaji; Chairman of Zinox Technical, Leo Stan Ejeh; and the Group Managing Director, Afrinvest, Dr. Ike Chioke, among a host of others.
E-Business
Firm Finds Leaked Netflix, Roblox and Discord Accounts Registered on Corporate emails

Employees may also use corporate emails to register for personal accounts on marketplaces and social media, increasing the risk of account theft and corporate security breaches, according to a study by Kaspersky Digital Footprint Intelligence.
Kaspersky shares these findings and suggests key cybersecurity practices to mitigate the risks of credential leaks.
Kaspersky experts analysed compromised credentials leaked on the dark web between 2019 and 2024 for three popular entertainment platforms: Roblox, Discord and Netflix. The analysis revealed that, on average, 7% of users whose accounts were leaked had registered on these platforms using a corporate email address.
“Registering on various services for personal use with a work email is not best practice. First, you may lose access to these accounts if you change jobs. Second, it can pose security risks for both you and your company.
“If your passwords follow a predictable pattern across different services – for example, ‘Word2025!’, where ‘2025’ is a recurring part – it increases the likelihood of other accounts being compromised, including your work account, should your corporate email be exposed in a dark web leak,” explains Sergey Shcherbel, expert at Kaspersky Digital Footprint Intelligence.
Kaspersky experts also found that bank employees most commonly registered their work email addresses on streaming services, marketplaces and social networks. In a few cases, corporate emails were also used as logins on gaming platforms and adult content websites.
Corporate email usage on entertainment platforms: statistics from a sample of 50 banking sector companies.
To conduct this study, experts compiled a sample of 50 banking sector companies and examined compromised credentials leaked on the dark web, identifying those linked to the corporate domains of these companies across five categories of popular platforms.
Learn more in the report. In light of this growing infostealer threat, Kaspersky has launched a dedicated landing page to raise awareness of the issue and provide strategies for mitigating associated risks.
If you encounter a data leak through infostealers, the following steps should be taken immediately:
- Change compromised account passwords and monitor for suspicious activity associated with those accounts.
- Run full security scans on all devices, removing any detected malware.
- Companies are recommended to monitor dark web markets proactively to detect compromised accounts before they pose risks to customers or employees. A detailed guide on setting up monitoring can be found here. Leverage Kaspersky Digital Footprint Intelligence to track what cybercriminals know about your company’s assets, identify potential attack vectors, and implement protective measures in a timely manner.
- As an enterprise, implement a security awareness program for employees, including regular training and performance assessments. Enforce a strict password policy for all corporate resources to reduce the risks of encountering credential-related cyber threats.
E-Business
NDPC, Mastercard Partner to Strengthen Data Protection

Nigeria Data Protection Commission (NDPC) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Mastercard to enhance data protection in Nigeria.

Dr. Vincent Olatunji, commissioner, NDPC and Derek Ho,deputy chief privacy officer, Mastercard
The agreement was sealed during a workshop where 150 Data Protection Officers (DPOs) were trained on Data Protection Impact Assessments (DPIAs).
Dr. Vincent Olatunji, commissioner, NDPC, said the event kicks off activities for the 8th NADPA conference, highlighting government efforts to train more certified DPOs.
Olatunji also disclosed the Federal Government’s commitment to increasing the number of certified DPOs with the required skills to manage data protection.
He noted that Nigeria’s digital-savvy youth are key to driving this agenda.
“Human capital is really key to us, and the ecosystem we are regulating is very special. It is still new, still emerging, and we need all we can to build the capacity of officers.
“We want to build the capacity of our people so we can be able to deliver on our mandate and fully deepen privacy in Nigeria.
“We are targeting to build the capacity of 250,000 DPOs annually, and we are working with partners like Mastercard to achieve that,” he said.
Derek Ho,deputy chief privacy officer, Mastercard, also stressed the need for collaboration to build trust in the digital economy and urged participants to embrace training as data protection keeps evolving.
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