Telecom
Tips on Robotics & Smart Systems Network Design for Space Crews and Robots

By Andrew Aroh
Crew cooperation will always be vital in any manned space exploration mission even if some of those crewmember are not human.
With a current mandate to return human explorers to the Moon, push on to Mars, NASA researchers are developing better robots who will work alongside humans on future missions.
If we are able to really focus on robot perception and manipulation we can have robots manipulation. We can have robots build habitats on the Moon.
The goal of using robots in Conjunction with human astronauts on lunar and planetary missions is to freeup the living members of the crew for exploration and science.
For example, once, two astronauts aboard the International Space Station spent the bulk of their time just maintaining the orbital facility. Thus, humans, could end up spending a massive amount of time just dealing with upkeep. We can’t afford to do that because that would mean needing more humans to be there, eating food, breathing air, etc.
- At Ames Research Center, Scientists and Engineers have constructed an indoor laboratory designed to mock a manned Moon or Mars base, with an inner control room looking out over simulated lunar surface where humans and robots will cooperate to build structures, test equipment and use digging tools. Researchers will use the site to test their systems with NASA’s wheeled Humanoid-Link automation Robonaut and other robots.
The test will lead to space flying assistants capable of taking instruction from human astronauts, responding in a human-Link manner or even offering suggestions and asking for help when needed.
- Streamlining Communications between humans and robots is a first step towards building a better space team. Human beings use very colloquial language.
However, robots are not first-class citizens and they won’t necessarily understand every word.
- Researchers are focusing on enhancing Robot Spatial reasoning skills to ease routine tasks such as handling tools and equipment and allow automations to understand hand signals and gesture on their own during communications with human astronauts. The goal is to develop smoother human robot cooperation.
- Note that Ames researchers have developed intelligent computer software called mobile agents to work as data management bridge between human astronauts, rover and base computer during planetside extravehicular activity.
What we do is give the (robotic-assist) another computer running the agent system. It brings the robot into the voice network and it can speak to astronauts.
- INSTILLING ROBOTIC INSTINTS:
- One of the major challenges facing robot – human cooperation is safety. When you have robots and humans working side-by-side, there have to be safeguards. It’s not just a piece of software anymore.
- A spacesuit-clad astronauts working in the vacuum of space or on the lunar surface is already in a potentially dangerous situation, and in addition of a robot working in close quarters could prove disastrous, if the automation is not equipped with measures to prevent injury or accidental damage. The robot should never endanger the human being.
- Lunar and Mars robots also must be able to Multitask, not only to adapt to their surroundings, but also to increase utility.
- We need robots that can be team players and switch to different role as needed.
- You want robots that can see an object once and recognize it in the future, robots that dig through regolith, and robots that can create oxygen on the moon.
- CONDITIONING HUMANS FOR ROBOTS
- Changing how humans and robots interact does not solely depend on developing better machinery and ever-more sophisticated machinery. Humans will have to adjust too.
It will be a challenge for humans to work down specific robots level.
Humans tend to either decide that the robot is sort of perfect and can trust it, or the robot is unbearably stupid and should not be used.
- Built in responses to indicate confusion and understanding in a robot can act as audio cues for human operators to adjust their directions.
- Developing the proper metal models for human to use when addressing robot helpers can be reinforced through field tests.
- Tens of small field trials and up to four major simulations will likely be required to fully prepare robotic astronauts ready for a space mission.
- But the automations won’t fully supplant human explorers.
Explorers as scientists are always going to want to have situations where they want to scrap that rock, or hand-drill that sample. They will not always have to go to a robot to get the first-hand experience.
By Andrew Aroh is President of SSPI Nigeria
Telecom
Google Launches 2025 AI Startups Accelerator Program for African Innovators

Google has opened applications for the 2025 Google for Startups Accelerator Africa program, a three-month initiative designed to support early-stage startups using artificial intelligence to address Africa’s most pressing challenges.
Across the continent, startups are demonstrating how local innovation can solve deeply rooted problems. In West Africa, Crop2Cash – an agritech platform and alumni of the program – is using AI to digitally onboard smallholder farmers, build their financial identities, and provide them with access to credit, traceable payments, and productivity tools.
Through these efforts, Crop2Cash is improving agricultural outcomes and unlocking economic opportunity for farmers who have long been excluded from formal systems—illustrating the kind of impact that’s possible when African startups receive the support they need to scale.
The Accelerator is open to Seed to Series A startups based in Africa that are building AI-first solutions. Startups must have a live product, at least one founder of African descent, and a clear vision for responsible AI innovation. Selected participants will receive:
Dedicated technical mentorship from Google and industry experts
Up to $350,000 in Google Cloud credits
Access to a global network of investors, partners, and collaborators
Workshops focused on technology, product strategy, people leadership, and AI implementation
AI’s potential to accelerate Africa’s development is real, and Google is investing in ensuring that African startups lead that charge. According to McKinsey, AI could add $1.3 trillion to Africa’s economy by 2030, but only if bold innovation is supported at the grassroots.
“Startups are Africa’s problem solvers. With the right resources, they can scale their impact far beyond local communities,” said Folarin Aiyegbusi, Head of Startup Ecosystem, Africa at Google.
“This program reflects our belief that AI can be transformative when shaped by those who understand the context deeply.”
Since 2018, the program has supported 140 startups from 17 African countries. These alumni have raised more than $300 million in funding and created over 3,000 jobs. Many are now regional and global leaders in their categories.
Applications for the 2025 cohort are now open. Startups interested in participating can apply at: https://startup.google.com/programs/accelerator/africa
For further information and updates, visit the Google Africa Blog or follow @GoogleAfrica on social media.
Telecom
DRIF25 Brings Together 1,000 Delegates in Lusaka

The Digital Rights and Inclusion Forum (DRIF25) is all set for its 12th edition, taking place from April 29th to May 1st, 2025, at the Mulungushi International Conference Centre in Lusaka, Zambia.
Over 1,000 delegates from 65 countries are expected to attend this highly anticipated event, with registration officially closed on April 13th, 2025.
The forum will feature esteemed speakers, including Zambia’s Minister of Technology and Science, Hon. Felix Mutati; Advocate Pansy Tlakula, Chairperson of the Information Regulator of South Africa; and ‘Gbenga Sesan, Executive Director at Paradigm Initiative.
Other notable contributors include Usama Khilji, Executive Director of Bolo Bhi, and Beatrice Mutali, the UN Resident Coordinator for Zambia.
Organized by Paradigm Initiative (PIN) with support from local and international partners such as Bloggers of Zambia, Internet Society Zambia, and the Zambia Ministry of Technology and Science, DRIF25 will focus on the theme: Promoting Digital Ubuntu in Approaches to Technology.
Discussions will tackle critical issues such as Artificial Intelligence, Data Protection, Digital Inclusion, and Human Rights.
The three-day forum will include 122 sessions, ranging from workshops and panel discussions to tech demos and exhibitions.
These were selected from a record-breaking 345 proposals, continuing the forum’s growth over recent years. Sponsors like Ford Foundation, Meta, Google, and Wikimedia Foundation play a crucial role in making the event possible.
PIN is set to unveil key publications during the event, including the 2024 Digital Rights and Inclusion in Africa Report – Londa and the organization’s book, The PIN Story: Work in Progress, chronicling its journey from a small cybercafe in Lagos, Nigeria, to a leading pan-African digital rights organization.
As one of the continent’s premier platforms for advancing digital rights and inclusion, DRIF25 promises to build on the success of previous editions, driving dialogue and collaboration among diverse stakeholders.
Telecom
Banks, Telcos Mull New Billing Plans for USSD Airtime Payments

Telecom customers will have to pay for the use of Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD) by having their airtime deducted, according to an information obtained by the Guardian.
According to reports, discussions to implement an end-user billing system between telecom providers and deposit money banks (DMBs) are presently in advanced stages.
A system that charges the client directly for utilizing the USSD service instead of the service provider is known as end-user billing.
This implies that, independent of any further fees the bank may impose, the customer’s mobile account (airtime or direct billing) is deducted for the USSD session.
This is a shift from the conventional corporate billing approach where banks were invoiced for USSD usage.
Gbenga Adebayo, chairman, Association of Licensed Telecommunications Operators of Nigeria (ALTON), said to The Guardian that conversations are underway, and the mechanisms are being fine-tuned to suit subscribers, telcos and DMBs.
r billing, which the banks have been supporting for a while, may help prevent accumulated debts, as seen by the current crisis between the banks and telecom providers, according to Adebayo.
Therefore, we have started talking about switching to end-user paying without causing customers’ services to stop working.
The banks now charge you and debit your account when you make USSD (Debit alert for the transfer). Banks won’t debit you again after the talks are over; instead, your airtime will be used immediately. The funds will be deducted from your airtime rather than your account by the banks.
“The discussion has begun; we will work with the banks to agree on a migration plan. The banks have long been demanding a solution to the USSD debt problem, and this will be it. In order to prevent consumers from being charged for services they did not receive, the parties must nevertheless agree that systems must be updated and operations must be transparent.
“The discussion is underway,” he said.
Recall that on September 16, 2019, the Bank Chiefs wrote to ALTON on behalf of the Body of Banks’ Chief Executive Officers (BOBCEO) proposing a “orderly implementation” of end-user charging for bank clients that would “align with the standard practice for USSD billing.”
The bank executives expressed disapproval of splitting the profits from USSD transactions with the telcos in the note to ALTON.
They stated that the service providers, who supply the platform for the USSD service, had suggested deducting N4.50k per 20 seconds from the fees that clients pay the banks. The banks objected, claiming that it would increase the cost by 45% immediately.
However, the dynamics, especially the underlying technology, made the concept unpopular with the telcos at the time.
Instead, the carriers had demanded corporate billing. According to the telecoms, the banks declined to attend a roundtable in 2020 to address the issue and put a definitive stop to it.
As a result, the USSD obligations that are presently being recovered from were greatly exacerbated by the matter’s failure to be resolved five years ago. Since March 16, 2021, subscribers have been charged N6.98K for each USSD transaction.
The authorities instructed DMBs and MNOs to agree on payment options, either a lump amount or instalments, by January 2, 2025, in a circular jointly issued by the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and NCC.
They stated that the payments must be finished by July 2, 2025, if they are chosen.
It is required that 60% of all pre-API bills be paid in full and as a final settlement. By January 2, 2025, a concerned DMB and MNO must agree on payment options (lump amount or instalments).
To be clear, if a DMB suggests instalment payment, it must be based on equal monthly instalments, and the money must be paid by July 2 at the latest.
Just to be clear, if a DMB suggests instalment payment, it must be based on equal monthly instalments, and the money must be paid by July 2 at the latest.
In accordance with past decisions made by the CBN and the NCC, DMBs are required to settle eighty-five percent (85%) of all unpaid invoices between the relevant DMB and MNO (also known as post-API debts) by December 31, 2024, following the implementation of Application Programming Interfaces (API) in February 2022.
Additionally, within a month of the invoice being served, 85% of all subsequent invoices must be paid off.
The NCC will initiate the required regulatory procedures to switch back to End-User Billing (EUB), provided that the directions in Paragraphs 1 and 2 above are satisfactorily implemented and that the agreement between DMBs and MNOs for the switch to EUB is furthered.
Only MNOs and DMBs that fully adhere to the aforementioned paragraphs 1 and 2 will be permitted to switch to EUB. In due order, the CBN and the NCC will offer guidelines on public education initiatives related to the changeover. MNOs are required to implement the “10-second rule” for USSD invoicing until the transitional procedures in paragraph 3 above are finalized.
Thus, any USSD session that lasts less than 10 seconds is not eligible for billing. “DMBs with prepaid billing options have the opportunity to migrate to EUB, subject to the execution of the required regulatory processes,” the authorities added.
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