E-Financial
Understanding Private Equity and Alternative Investments
Although there are a variety of options for raising capital and attracting investors, equity is one of the two most sort after options. It allows a company to give a share of ownership of its business to an investor in expectation of a return as the business grows.
Unlike public equity (stock market) with ownership of shares in a public company, private equity (PE) simply means ownership of shares in a private company.
Private equity is a type of capital investment (asset or security) made to (target) companies that are not publicly traded on a stock exchange. As an alternative form of private financing, private equity allows investors directly invest in companies through which such investors gain an ownership stake in the companies.
Investors seek PE funds to earn returns that are considered to be better than those from the public equity markets.
To avoid debt, companies can sell its stocks to raise money that can be used to fund new technology, make acquisitions, expand working capital, and fund projects geared towards business growth.
Usually, the financial information on stocks of such a company is not disclosed to the public, rather an investor can only speculate on the asset worth of the intending company.
Private equity involves three parties: the investors who supply the capital, the private equity firm that manages and invests the money on behalf of the investor via a private equity fund, and the company (known as Portfolio Company) that the private equity firm invests in.
A private equity firm’s ultimate goal is to sell or exit portfolio companies to deliver superior returns (above the benchmark return also referred to as Internal Rate of Return (IRR) to earn carried interests).
The most widely adopted investment strategies by PE investments are leveraged buyouts (LBOs) and venture capital (VC) investments. In LBOs, a PE firm will raise debt from institutional investors on the back of a target company and assume control of the target company, while using the cashflows of the target company to pay the acquisition capital.
Whereas, the VC makes investment in young and fast-growing companies in an industry that has the potential for exponential growth while adding value to the firm being taken up. In some cases, PE firms grow and improve a middle-market company with the aim to sell or exit to a mature company within a specified period.
Generally, private equity firms are active investors who are involved in the board level and monitor the financial and operating performance of portfolio companies.
However, some private equity firms are involved in the day-to-day operations of portfolio companies and may take C-level positions such as CEO, CFO, CIO and COO to ensure that value creation initiatives are implemented in the portfolio companies to ensure that increase in revenue, improvement of operational efficiency and corporate governance.
A private equity fund is typically opened to institutional and accredited (individual or business entity) investors who invest large sums of money for a long period.
Institutional investors are companies or organisations like endowment funds, commercial banks, hedge funds, mutual fund managers, and insurance companies that invest money on behalf of other people.
Accredited investors on the other hand are individuals or a business entity that invest based on their income, net worth, asset size, governance status, or professional experience. The reason is that private equity as an asset class is generally illiquid and has a long lock-up period and only ideal for investors with a large asset size (or AuM).
Other alternative investments include infrastructure assets, art, antique furniture, automobiles, real estate, commodities, exchange-traded funds, and hedge funds.
The market performance of traditional investments and alternative investments are independent of each other, hence, the inclusion of alternative investments in a portfolio can reduce its risk through diversification.
Before the coronavirus outbreak, PE investments in Nigeria have been flourishing and as a result in 2019 Nigeria was described by the African Private Equity and Venture Capital Association (AVCA) as one of the most attractive destinations for PE investments. Between January and February 2019, PE in Nigeria recorded investments worth 277.64 billion ($767 million), an improvement of 345 per cent compared to 62.37 billion ($172 million) worth of deals closed during the corresponding period in 2018.
The deals within the first two months of 2019 included the 100 per cent acquisition of Chi Ltd by Coca-Cola Company for the sum of $500 million, which accounted for 65 per cent of the total private equity investments within that period.
Other notable deals included Access Bank Plc’s acquisition of Diamond Bank Plc., the Partech- led Series A funding of Kudi, a financial services provider, and the acquisition of Wakanow, a travel agency, by the Carlyle Group valued at $40 million, to mention a few.
Why Invest in Private Equity?
Private equity firms have grown over the years to become attractive investment vehicles for wealthy individuals and institutions who manage large pools of capital. PE often guarantee better returns compared to other investments, with some private equity managers outperforming the public markets.
To diversify holdings, investors turn to private equity for higher returns than do public market. Specifically, such investments are for investors who can afford to have capital locked up for long periods.
Investors in private equity funds are called limited partners. As a limited partner, you get a return on your investment when the private equity firm sells the company it purchases while the private equity firm (also called general partners) takes some percentage as profit.
In Nigeria, different PE firms like FBNQuest Funds have their specific deal sizes, investment horizons, sector focus, fundraising timelines, and exit strategies. As one of the leading alternative investments managers in Nigeria, FBNQuest Funds has been in operations for over 17 years and has invested in over 70 private companies through direct investing and their expertise and exposure to PE and VC Funds. Domiciled in Nigeria, the firm has investments in companies in Nigeria and other countries within the Sub-Saharan Africa region.
Tradewyse Concepts Limited (TCL), Nigeria-based technology solution provider has launched a product called “vetandpay” to address the issues of trust and fraud in online business transactions in the country.
Dr Kalu Ibe, founder and chief executive officer, Tradewyse Concepts Limited
Dr Kalu Ibe, founder and chief executive officer, Tradewyse Concepts Limited, stated that the software was proudly developed by a team of Nigerians.
Speaking at the product dedication ceremony in Abuja, Ibe explained that the app aims to reduce corruption by restoring trust and integrity. He added that it would inspire confidence in both business and the broader transactional environment in Nigeria.
“Today, I present vetandpay.ng, powered by Vetandpay Technologies Ltd, Africa’s foremost escrow company, a subsidiary of TCL,” Ibe said.
“What started as a spark two years ago is now shining brightly over Nigeria’s transactional space, bringing healing with its rays.”
He outlined the various escrow services offered, including auto purchase escrow, procurement escrow, service-based escrow, e-commerce escrow, and property escrow, with more services expected to be added.
Ibe emphasised that the service is available to Nigerians both at home and abroad, promising zero losses in all business transactions when using vetandpay.
Through its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programme, TCL plans to initiate a comprehensive tech training programme for teenagers in Nigerian schools. Ibe highlighted that the initiative aims to equip young people with technological skills, preparing them to enter the digital economy and drive innovation.
Ntufam Ugbo, project director, commented that vetandpay is transforming the business landscape in Nigeria by building trust between buyers and sellers.
“What vetandpay does is act as a middleman between the buyer and the seller,” she said.
Mrs Rachel Samuel, head of Customer Service at vetandpay, described the platform as a secure payment solution designed to eliminate fraud in online transactions.
“Our basic goal is to address the issue of receiving something different from what was ordered,” she explained.
Referring to a report by the Federal Trade Commission, Samuel pointed out that consumers lost over 8.8 billion dollars to fraud in 2022, a 30 per cent increase from the previous year. She noted that with vetandpay, both parties to a business transaction could have peace of mind and zero losses.
She encouraged Nigerians to embrace the services provided by the platform by downloading the vetandpay app and using the technology to secure their transactions.
‘‘Today marks the beginning of a new era in secure online transactions. Whether you are a business owner, freelancer, or everyday buyer, vetandpay is here to protect your hard-earned money,” Samuel concluded.
Nigeria has approached the World Bank for a fresh $10.50m loan to enhance the Central Bank of Nigeria’s (CBN) technical capacity and modernise the country’s domestic payment infrastructure.
Olayemi Cardoso, Governor, Central Bank of Nigeria
According to information on the World Bank website on Thursday, the proposed CBN Technical Assistance Facility seeks to support integrating innovative technologies and data science into the CBN’s supervisory processes.
This is expected to help the apex bank tackle long-standing and emerging challenges in Nigeria’s rapidly evolving financial landscape while improving the domestic payment infrastructure for remittances.
The project, currently at the concept review stage, will focus on three key areas. Firstly, it aims to strengthen the CBN’s institutional capacity to keep pace with technological advancements through a robust governance framework, expert advisory support, peer-to-peer central bank exchanges, and modernisation of the CBN’s internal processes to align with the digital era.
Secondly, it will enhance the CBN’s supervisory capacity through technology and data improvements. This involves funding modern technical solutions, including Supervisory Technology systems, to improve data accuracy, operational efficiency, and risk-based supervision.
Thirdly, it aims to modernise domestic payment systems for remittances to improve their safety and reliability.
It will explore innovative methods to attract informal remittance flows into formal channels while conducting annual surveys on remittance households and fostering peer-to-peer learning for knowledge exchange.
According to the World Bank, the objective of this project is “to strengthen technology-enabled, data-driven, risk-based supervision at the CBN and improve domestic payment infrastructure for remittances in Nigeria.”
The project aligns with the government’s pursuit of a cashless economy and the increasing adoption of digital financial services in Nigeria.
The scheme, which has a commitment amount of $10.50m, is scheduled for board presentation approval on June 12, 2025. The implementing agency is the Central Bank of Nigeria.
Sterling Bank has called for the cancellation of bank transfer fees by major banks, announcing it will no longer take any money for itself for any local online transactions by its customers.
The announcement, made on April 1st, initially sparked widespread arguments, with many assuming it was a marketing prank tied to April Fools’ Day.
However, Sterling Bank, in a statement, has confirmed that it is not a stunt, that the zero-transfer-fee policy was real, and effective immediately.
With this move, Sterling becomes the first major Nigerian bank to take a definitive stand against the long-standing practice of charging customers for everyday digital transfers, an issue that has grown increasingly contentious as digital banking adoption deepens.
“We believe access to your own money shouldn’t come with a penalty,” said Obinna Ukachukwu, growth executive leading the Consumer and Business Banking Directorate, Sterling Bank
“This is more than a financial decision, it’s a values-based one. It reflects our commitment to making banking fair, inclusive, and truly customer focused.
“We’re not yet the biggest bank in Nigeria, but we’ve been the boldest,” Ukachukwu added.
“Sterling fearlessly believes in the future of Nigeria, and this is us backing Nigerians with more than words,” it sated.
Under the new policy, Sterling customers will enjoy free transfers for all local transactions conducted via the bank’s mobile app. This translates into significant savings, particularly for individuals and new small business owners who make frequent daily transfers.
The bank’s latest move has been met with widespread public approval, sparking positive reactions across social media and placing pressure on industry peers to follow suit.
We’re proud to lead this change,” Ukachukwu added. “We hope it inspires others to think differently about what customers truly need from their banks, not just in services, but in values.”
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